本文選題：生態(tài)批評 + 人類中心主義　； 參考：《河北師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：約翰·契弗是20世紀(jì)美國杰出作家,因其在短篇小說上的造詣被稱為“美國的契訶夫”。除了短篇小說,他也創(chuàng)作了經(jīng)典的長篇小說。約翰·契弗擅長描寫資本主義社會人們精神世界的空虛和荒蕪。本文研究了契弗生前的最后一部小說.這部小說發(fā)表于1982年,一經(jīng)發(fā)表立即成為全國暢銷書。小說在更深的層面上探討了人與自然的關(guān)系問題。本文試圖從生態(tài)批評角度解讀小說。 生態(tài)學(xué)家認(rèn)為當(dāng)今社會除了自然生態(tài)危機外還有社會生態(tài)危機,也有人類的精神生態(tài)危機。在追求富足的物質(zhì)生活的同時,人與人之間的人際關(guān)系也出現(xiàn)了疏離。文明帶來了對自然的疏遠(yuǎn),隨之而來的是人們自我的迷失。契弗在這部作品里表達(dá)了他對人類生態(tài)失衡的憂慮。通過對作品的生態(tài)解讀,我們可以深入探討他的生態(tài)哲學(xué)思想。本論文從自然生態(tài),社會生態(tài),精神生態(tài)三個方面進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)論述,揭示了人與自然,人與人,以及人與自我等錯綜復(fù)雜的關(guān)系。契弗認(rèn)為只有增強生態(tài)意識,努力協(xié)調(diào)好這三者的關(guān)系,人類才能實現(xiàn)真正的生態(tài)平衡。 除引言和結(jié)論外,論文的主體部分包括三章。 引言部分介紹了約翰·契弗以及其作品在美國文學(xué)中的地位,并對小說的基本內(nèi)容和研究成果進(jìn)行了綜述。此外,本論文對生態(tài)批評在國內(nèi)外的發(fā)展進(jìn)行了闡述并詳細(xì)介紹了生態(tài)整體觀和深層生態(tài)理論。 第一章探討了契弗對自然生態(tài)危機的揭露。通過對文中人物的言行分析,論文意在指出人類中心主義如同毒瘤一樣在資本主義社會滋長,成為危機的根源。大自然用自己的獨特語言警告人類災(zāi)難的到來。此外,針對契弗提出的解決自然生態(tài)危機的方法策略進(jìn)行了闡釋。 第二章深入論述了契弗對社會生態(tài)危機的關(guān)注。契弗將矛頭指向資本主義工業(yè)文明。工業(yè)革命帶來的危害歷歷在目。對工業(yè)文明的追求不僅破壞了優(yōu)美的自然風(fēng)光,同時也摧殘了人性。不和諧的人際關(guān)系以及失衡的社會現(xiàn)實詮釋了社會生態(tài)危機的存在。 第三章主要論述了契弗的精神生態(tài)危機觀。扭曲的社會現(xiàn)實導(dǎo)致人們靈與肉的分離,以至于無法實現(xiàn)自我價值,最終迷失自我,喪失信仰。 作者最后得出結(jié)論,約翰·契弗大膽地揭露了資本主義工業(yè)文明對人與人之間良好關(guān)系的破壞,以及對人性的扼殺,表明了他的反人類中心主義思想。契弗希望通過小說喚起人們良好的生態(tài)意識,形成良好的生態(tài)行為,逐步形成人與自然,人與人,以及人與其內(nèi)心世界和諧統(tǒng)一的關(guān)系,最終建設(shè)宛如天堂的和諧生態(tài)家園。在當(dāng)今世界生態(tài)危機日趨嚴(yán)重的形勢下,契弗的觀點能激發(fā)我們了解大自然,保護(hù)大自然并增強生態(tài)意識。他的生態(tài)觀點敏銳而深刻,在21世紀(jì)的今天重新解讀契弗的作品對于讀者仍然具有極大的啟發(fā)意義。
[Abstract]:John Cheever is an outstanding American writer in the 20 th century, who is called Chekhov of America for his accomplishments in short stories. In addition to short stories, he also wrote classic novels. John Cheever is good at describing the emptiness and desolation of the spiritual world in capitalist society. This paper studies Cheever's last novel. The novel was published in 1982 and became a national bestseller as soon as it was published. The novel explores the relationship between man and nature on a deeper level. This paper attempts to interpret the novel from the angle of ecological criticism. Ecologists believe that there are not only the natural ecological crisis, but also the spiritual ecological crisis. In the pursuit of rich material life, interpersonal relationships between people have also appeared alienation. Civilization has brought about alienation from nature, followed by the loss of human self. In this work, Cheever expresses his concern about the imbalance of the human ecology. Through the ecological interpretation of his works, we can probe into his ecological philosophy. This paper discusses in detail the three aspects of natural ecology, social ecology and spiritual ecology, and reveals the intricate relationship between man and nature, between man and man, and between man and self. Cheever believes that only by strengthening ecological consciousness and coordinating the relationship between the three, human beings can achieve real ecological balance. In addition to the introduction and conclusions, the main part of the paper consists of three chapters. The introduction introduces John Cheever and his works in American literature, and summarizes the basic contents and research results of the novel. In addition, this paper expounds the development of ecological criticism at home and abroad and introduces the ecological holistic view and deep ecological theory in detail. The first chapter discusses Cheever's exposure to natural ecological crisis. Based on the analysis of the characters' words and deeds, the paper points out that anthropocentrism, like a malignant tumor, has become the root of the crisis in capitalist society. Nature warns of human disaster with its own unique language. In addition, the method and strategy proposed by Cheever to solve the natural ecological crisis are explained. The second chapter discusses Cheever's concern about social ecological crisis. Cheever pointed the spearhead at capitalist industrial civilization. The dangers caused by the industrial revolution are vividly remembered. The pursuit of industrial civilization not only destroys the beautiful natural scenery, but also destroys human nature. Disharmonious interpersonal relationship and unbalanced social reality explain the existence of social ecological crisis. The third chapter mainly discusses Cheever's view of spiritual ecological crisis. The distorted social reality leads to the separation of human spirit and flesh, so that they can not realize their own value, lose themselves and lose their faith. Finally, the author concludes that John Cheever boldly exposed the destruction of good relations between human beings and the strangling of human nature by capitalist industrial civilization, and showed his anti-anthropocentrism thought. Cheever hopes to arouse people's good ecological consciousness, form good ecological behavior, gradually form a harmonious and unified relationship between man and nature, between man and man, and between man and his inner world, and finally build a harmonious ecological home like heaven. Under the increasingly serious ecological crisis in the world today, Cheever's view can inspire us to understand nature, protect nature and enhance ecological consciousness. His ecological views are sharp and profound, and rereading Cheever's works in the 21st century is still of great enlightening significance to readers.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：I712.074

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