本文選題：卡夫卡　切入點：猶太民族認同　出處：《遼寧師范大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：今天卡夫卡能夠被我們認識，要感謝他一生的摯友馬克斯·勃羅德，是他違背了卡夫卡的遺囑保存了他的文字，為我們展現(xiàn)了一個完整的卡夫卡世界。在勃羅德眼中，卡夫卡是個“圣人”，可以成為“人類的導師”，對于卡夫卡的身份，勃羅德則認為：卡夫卡是個地道的猶太人，他的所有創(chuàng)作都應屬于猶太文學，卡夫卡作品中的人物、情結等要素皆與猶太有著密不可分的聯(lián)系。然而在其他學者眼中，卡夫卡的身份卻不是如此單純，在德國文學史中我們可以看到德國人將卡夫卡作為德語作家的典范；在捷克文學中，卡夫卡是捷克人，，是捷克作家；在猶太文學里，卡夫卡又因其猶太血統(tǒng)成為了猶太作家，那么卡夫卡自己對于他復雜的存在身份問題是怎么看待的，是研究卡夫卡身份問題首先要解決的疑問。但是卡夫卡本人也沒有解答出這個問題。首先，身為猶太人的卡夫卡，對于猶太民族，他是不認同的，但是生長在猶太環(huán)境中的卡夫卡又無法遠離，找到一個能夠為自己認同的民族，這就使得卡夫卡在個人存在問題上，由民族認同危機發(fā)展到了個人認同危機，終其一生卡夫卡都在為擺脫他的存在危機所努力，同樣，終其一生卡夫卡也沒有找到確切的解決之路。本論文要論述的就是卡夫卡的認同危機及其在文學中的表現(xiàn)。 首先本文將介紹卡夫卡的猶太身份及其家庭背景，在了解了卡夫卡的猶太背景后，論文的第二部分將闡述卡夫卡眼中的猶太民族.在卡夫卡看來，猶太民族有著“耗子”般的冷漠、寄居者卑微的奉迎、猶太教徒特權式的乞討及可怕的災難性未來。而且，從卡夫卡本人來講，他的猶太身份也有著嚴重的缺失：母語為德語的猶太人、無法回歸又無法遠離的民族悖論及在猶太民族尋不到庇護所帶來的危機感。在這一部分，通過卡夫卡眼中的猶太民族及卡夫卡猶太身份的缺失，來具體闡述卡夫卡民族認同危機的產生原因。 在闡明了了卡夫卡民族身份認同問題的產生原因之后，論文將進一步探究民族身份認同問題給卡夫卡帶來的影響，卡夫卡的猶太民族認同危機為他帶來的是他個人身份的認同危機，這種個人身份的認同危機又給卡夫卡帶來了生命存在的不確定性及對于自我歸屬的畢生尋找，最終卡夫卡將他這種身份認同危機、存在的不確定及對于自我歸屬的尋找完全地展示在他的文學作品中，這也就是現(xiàn)代主義之父卡夫卡現(xiàn)代主題的產生根源——“自我尋找”，在卡夫卡的作品中，我們到處可以尋見“自我尋找”、“生存的不確定”的影子，而卡夫卡最被人熱議的現(xiàn)代性特點，荒誕及異化也同樣源于此。 綜上所述，現(xiàn)代主義大師卡夫卡對于自己民族身份的認同危機帶來了他的個人生存危機，這種個人生存危機使他的存在充滿了不確定性，為了擺脫這種危機，卡夫卡一生致力于找到歸處，尋找自我，這也就是卡夫卡作品中現(xiàn)代性主題的產生根源，即由認同危機帶來的荒誕世界與異化人生。
[Abstract]:Kafka today were we able to understand, thanks to his friend Max Brod, he is against Kafka's will save his text, show a complete Kafka world for us. In the eyes of Brod, Kafka is a "sage" can become "human tutor", for the identity of Kafka, Brod is that Kafka is a native of the Jews, all of his works should belong to the Jewish literature, the characters of the works of Kafka and other elements are complex had a close relationship with the Jewish. However he in the eyes of scholars, Kafka's identity is not so simple, in the history of German literature we can see Kafka as the Germans model of German writer; in Czech literature, Kafka is the people of Czech, is a Czech writer; in Jewish literature, Kafka also because of its Jewish become The Jewish writer, so Kafka have their own identity for him is to look at how complex, is the study of Kafka identity problem first to solve the question. But Kafka did not answer this question. First of all, as a Jew, Kafka, for the Jewish people, he is not recognized, but the growth in the Jewish environment Kafka is not far from, one can find their national identity, which makes Kafka in personal problems, the crisis of national identity to the development of the personal identity crisis, the end of his life Kafka in order to get rid of his existence crisis efforts, similarly, throughout his life, Kafka also did not find the exact solution the road. The identity crisis discussed in this article is Kafka and its performance in the literature.
First we will introduce Kafka's Jewish identity and family background, in the understanding of Kafka's Jewish background, the second part of the paper describes Kafka in the eyes of the Jewish nation. In Kafka's opinion, the Jewish people have a "mouse" like apathy, Sojourner humble act, Jews privileged begging and catastrophic terrible the future. Moreover, from Kafka himself, his Jewish identity also has a serious flaw: native German Jewish nation, and not far from the paradox cannot return and in the Jewish nation to seek asylum brings a sense of crisis. In this part, the lack of the Jewish people and Jewish identity in the eyes of Kafka Kafka the reasons for Kafka to elaborate national identity crisis.
After expounding the causes of Kafka's national identity issues, will further explore the influence of ethnic identity brought to Kafka, Kafka's Jewish identity crisis brought him the identity crisis of his personal identity, personal identity and identity crisis that brought Kafka uncertainty and for life life in search of self attribution, Kafka eventually will be his identity crisis, uncertainty and for self attribution fully displayed in his literary works, which is also the father of modernism of Kafka modern theme origins: "self seeking" in Kafka's works, we can find "self seeking" everywhere, "the survival of the uncertainty of the shadow, and Kafka is the most characteristic of modern people is hot, absurdity and alienation also This is the source of this.
In summary, the modernist master Kafka identity crisis for their national identity has brought his personal survival crisis, the individual survival crisis makes his existence is full of uncertainty, in order to get rid of the crisis, Kafka devoted his life to find the place, for me, this is the modern theme in Kafka's works from the origin of identity the crisis brought about by the absurd world and alienation of life.

【學位授予單位】：遼寧師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：I521.074

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本文編號：1725742