本文關(guān)鍵詞： 《美妙的新世界》 功利主義 趨利避害　出處：《武漢理工大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：《美妙的新世界》是法國(guó)作家阿道司·赫胥黎的代表作之一,是二十世紀(jì)最經(jīng)典的反烏托邦文學(xué)之一,在國(guó)內(nèi)外思想界影響深遠(yuǎn)。 本文將從文學(xué)倫理的角度來解讀《美妙的新世界》中所體現(xiàn)的倫理道德思想,具體的運(yùn)用功利主義的相關(guān)原則對(duì)文本進(jìn)行細(xì)致分析,并以此為基礎(chǔ),反思功利主義對(duì)現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的影響。自從邊沁系統(tǒng)地提出功利主義學(xué)說開始,有一大批學(xué)者分別從不同方面闡發(fā)并發(fā)展了邊沁的功利主義思想。為了避免理論基礎(chǔ)的錯(cuò)雜,本文只選用了以邊沁和密爾為代表的古典功利主義思想對(duì)文本進(jìn)行分析。古典功利主義在倫理方面,強(qiáng)調(diào)人的趨樂避苦的自然天性,把“功利”當(dāng)作道德基礎(chǔ)的信條主張,行為的對(duì)錯(cuò)根據(jù)其是否增進(jìn)幸�；蛟斐刹恍襾砼卸ā＿吳咧鲝埿腋；蚩鞓肥峭|(zhì)的,但是密爾對(duì)此做了修正,認(rèn)為快樂有高低之分,理智的快樂、感情和想象的快樂以及道德情感的快樂所具有的價(jià)值要遠(yuǎn)高于單純感官的快樂。 本文除緒論與結(jié)論部分之外,全文共分為四章,核心部分為第三章和第四章。第一章分別介紹了邊沁與密爾的功利主義觀點(diǎn)；雖然密爾是邊沁強(qiáng)有力的支持者,但是對(duì)邊沁的功利主義思想也做了部分修正。第二章介紹了《美妙的新世界》的相關(guān)背景和大致情節(jié)。第三章共分為三個(gè)小部分,第一部分分析了新世界的特點(diǎn),從功利主義趨利避害的原則指出,新世界的各種措施均是為了保證人們的幸福；第二部分分別分析了新世界中的四個(gè)主要人物：琳達(dá)、列寧娜、伯納和赫姆霍爾茲的特性特點(diǎn),從功利主義的原則分別對(duì)其作了細(xì)致分析；第三部分分析了“保留地”的野蠻人約翰的個(gè)性特點(diǎn),從密爾對(duì)快樂的區(qū)分指出,約翰更注重對(duì)精神快樂的追求；第四部分分析了約翰與新世界的沖突,指出新世界的條件設(shè)定導(dǎo)致人們只注重物質(zhì)層面的快樂,而約翰卻注重精神世界的構(gòu)建,從而引發(fā)了各種各樣的沖突。第四章分析了功利主義給中國(guó)現(xiàn)代社會(huì)政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)等方面的啟示,并指出在功利社會(huì)時(shí)代,人們?cè)谧非蠛侠砦镔|(zhì)享受的同時(shí),也應(yīng)該注重精神層面的建設(shè)。 結(jié)論部分指出,新世界里的人們享受著科技帶來的各種物質(zhì)享受,卻未必是真正的幸福,被稱為野蠻人的約翰,在精神層面的追求,值得推崇。盡管現(xiàn)代社會(huì)人們?cè)谖镉麢M流的世界里逐漸迷失,但是精神的追求,會(huì)成為一個(gè)真正和諧美麗的新世界的靈魂。
[Abstract]:Wonderful New World is one of the masterpieces of French writer Aldous Huxley and one of the most classic dystopian literature in 20th century. This article will interpret the ethical thought embodied in the wonderful New World from the perspective of literary ethics, and make a detailed analysis of the text by using the relevant principles of utilitarianism, and on this basis, Reflect on the influence of utilitarianism on modern society. Since Bentham put forward utilitarianism theory systematically, a large number of scholars have elucidated and developed Bentham's utilitarian thought from different aspects. This paper only chooses Bentham and Mill as the representative of classical utilitarianism to analyze the text. In ethics, classical utilitarianism emphasizes the natural nature of people seeking pleasure and avoiding suffering, and regards "utility" as the creed of moral basis. The right or wrong of the behavior is judged by whether it promotes happiness or causes misfortune. Bentham argues that happiness or happiness is homogenous, but Mill modifies it, arguing that there is a difference between happiness and rational happiness. The happiness of emotion and imagination and the joy of moral emotion are much more valuable than those of pure senses. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this paper is divided into four chapters, the core of which is chapter three and chapter 4th. Chapter one introduces Bentham and Mill's utilitarian viewpoints respectively, although Mill is a strong supporter of Bentham. But Bentham's utilitarian thought is partly revised. The second chapter introduces the background and the general plot of the wonderful New World. The third chapter is divided into three parts, the first part analyzes the characteristics of the New World. It is pointed out from the principle of utilitarianism that all kinds of measures in the new world are to ensure people's happiness. The second part analyzes the characteristics of the four main characters in the new world: Linda, Lenina, Bernard and Hermholtz. The third part analyzes the personality characteristics of the barbarian "reserve land" and points out from Mill's distinction of happiness that John pays more attention to the pursuit of spiritual happiness. The 4th part analyzes the conflict between John and the new world, and points out that the conditions of the new world lead people to pay attention only to the happiness on the material level, while John pays attention to the construction of the spiritual world. Chapter 4th analyzes the enlightenment of utilitarianism to China's modern society, politics and economy, and points out that in the era of utilitarian society, people are pursuing reasonable material enjoyment at the same time. Should also pay attention to the spiritual level of construction. The conclusion points out that the people of the new world enjoy the various material pleasures of technology, but not necessarily the true happiness. John, known as the Barbarian, pursues in the spiritual level. Although people in modern society are gradually lost in the world of material desire, the pursuit of spirit will become the soul of a truly harmonious and beautiful new world.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：I565.074

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