本文關(guān)鍵詞： 葉芝 生態(tài)批評 自然生態(tài) 社會生態(tài) 精神生態(tài)　出處：《華北電力大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：威廉·巴特勒·葉芝是十九世紀(jì)末二十世紀(jì)初偉大的愛爾蘭詩人,他的一生創(chuàng)作豐富并以其詩歌著稱,獲得了諾貝爾文學(xué)獎。葉芝的創(chuàng)作經(jīng)歷了浪漫主義,象征主義,現(xiàn)代主義,幾經(jīng)變革形成了自己的獨特風(fēng)格。文學(xué)評論家主要從象征主義,面具理論,創(chuàng)作風(fēng)格及主題等方面對葉芝作品進行研究,用生態(tài)批評解析葉芝詩歌為葉芝研究提供了一種新的研究方法。本篇論文從自然生態(tài)、社會生態(tài)和精神生態(tài)三個方面分析葉芝詩歌,探索葉芝全面的生態(tài)思想,從而得出葉芝詩歌的文學(xué)價值意義和實踐價值意義。 生態(tài)批評是新興的一種文學(xué)批評方法,近幾年西方生態(tài)批評學(xué)者開始著重研究生態(tài)整體論和深層生態(tài)學(xué),一些中國學(xué)者也對生態(tài)文藝學(xué)及生態(tài)批評進行了進一步的研究與探討。其中魯樞元教授以三分法把生態(tài)學(xué)分為自然生態(tài)、社會生態(tài)和精神生態(tài),分別從自然、社會和精神三個層而對生態(tài)元素進行研究,全面整體地對生態(tài)學(xué)進行了闡俐述 本文主體主要由四方面構(gòu)成。第一部分首先分析葉芝詩作中的自然生態(tài)元素,主要選取《到曙光里來》和《茵納斯弗利島》等詩歌,對其詩歌中幾種意象進行分析,如植物、動物、景致等,表現(xiàn)出詩人對自然的憧憬與熱愛,最后得出葉芝對自然的無限眷戀及回歸自然的美好愿望。第二部分從社會生態(tài)層面分析葉芝的詩歌,主要對其在愛爾蘭變革時期所創(chuàng)作的作品進行解析,其中選取了《一九一三年九月》和《一九一六年復(fù)活節(jié)》,反映當(dāng)時愛爾蘭社會的動蕩及資產(chǎn)階級的瘋狂貪欲并闡述了葉芝對愛國主義者的態(tài)度,從而得出葉芝對生態(tài)社會的向往。第三部分選取了葉芝的著名詩歌《當(dāng)你老了》和《駛向拜占庭》,分別分析了葉芝對真愛的理解及對藝術(shù)、生命永恒的追求,這些都反映了葉芝關(guān)于“精神至上”的神圣理念,并從中探索葉芝詩歌中精神生態(tài)的思想。第四部分結(jié)合自然生態(tài)、社會生態(tài)和精神生態(tài)三個方面綜合分析《被偷走的孩子》一詩,從而得出葉芝詩歌中整體的生態(tài)思想。 用生態(tài)理論分析葉芝詩歌是值得研究的一個課題,此課題不僅具有文學(xué)價值,更具有實踐指導(dǎo)意義。這不但對葉芝詩歌的分析選取了一個新的角度,更加警示現(xiàn)代人在自然、社會和精神三個層而構(gòu)建生態(tài)思想,共創(chuàng)生態(tài)地球。
[Abstract]:William Batler Yeats was a great Irish poet in late 19th century and early 20th century. His life was rich and famous for his poems, and he won the Nobel Prize for Literature. Yeats' creation experienced romanticism, symbolism. Modernism has changed several times to form its own unique style. Literary critics have mainly studied Yeats's works from the aspects of symbolism, mask theory, creative style and theme, etc. Analyzing Yeats poetry with ecological criticism provides a new research method for Yeats study. This paper analyzes Yeats poetry from three aspects: natural ecology, social ecology and spiritual ecology, and explores Yeats's comprehensive ecological thought. Thus, the literary value and practical value of Yeats's poetry are obtained. Ecological criticism is a new method of literary criticism. In recent years, Western ecological critics have begun to focus on ecological holism and deep ecology. Some Chinese scholars have also made further research and discussion on ecological literature and art and ecological criticism. Among them, Professor Lu Shuyuan divided ecology into natural ecology, social ecology and spiritual ecology, respectively. The ecological elements are studied in the three levels of society and spirit, and ecology is expounded in an all-round way. The main body of this paper is composed of four aspects. The first part analyzes the natural ecological elements in Yeats's poems, mainly selects the poems such as "to the dawn" and "Innersbury Island", and analyzes several kinds of images in his poems, such as plants, and so on. Animals, scenery and so on, show poets' longing and love for nature. Finally, Yeats's infinite attachment to nature and his good desire to return to nature are drawn. The second part analyzes Yeats's poems from the social and ecological aspects. It mainly analyzes his works during the period of Irish change. "September 1913" and "Easter 1916" were selected to reflect the turmoil in Irish society and the crazy greed of the bourgeoisie and to expound Yeats's attitude towards the patriots. The third part selects Yeats's famous poem "when you're older" and "sail to Byzantium" to analyze Yeats's understanding of true love and his pursuit of art and eternal life, respectively. All this reflects Yeats's sacred idea of "spiritual supremacy" and explores the spiritual ecology in Yeats's poetry. 4th part combines with natural ecology. The social ecology and spiritual ecology are analyzed comprehensively in a poem of stolen Children, and the whole ecological thought in Yeats's poetry is obtained. The analysis of Yeats poetry by ecological theory is a subject worth studying, which is not only of literary value, but also of practical significance. This not only selects a new angle for the analysis of Yeats poetry, but also cautions modern people in nature. Social and spiritual three levels to construct ecological thought, create ecological earth.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：I562.072

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