本文關(guān)鍵詞： 嚎叫》 艾倫·金斯堡 日神精神 酒神精神　出處：《河南大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：“垮掉的一代”是一個(gè)獨(dú)特的戰(zhàn)后文學(xué)流派，，它是后現(xiàn)代主義和嬉皮士運(yùn)動(dòng)的先驅(qū)。它自從出現(xiàn)以后就受到任何其他流派都未曾遭遇過(guò)的贊譽(yù)和抨擊。艾倫·金斯堡來(lái)自于一個(gè)俄裔美國(guó)猶太家庭，他是“垮掉的一代”中最偉大的詩(shī)人�！逗拷小肥撬姸嗝�(shī)中的一篇，被公眾視為“垮掉的一代”的宣言書(shū)。這首詩(shī)同T·S艾略特的《荒原》和詹姆斯·喬伊斯的《尤利西斯》一道廣受贊譽(yù)。它在文學(xué)、詩(shī)學(xué)、社會(huì)習(xí)慣和道德方面，甚至在諸如繪畫(huà)、電影和音樂(lè)等其他文學(xué)形式方面震撼了美國(guó)社會(huì)。最為重要的是，《嚎叫》同“垮掉的一代”作家的其它作品一道影響了美國(guó)民眾，乃至世界人民的觀念意識(shí)和生活方式。艾倫·金斯堡和他的《嚎叫》由此成為了二十世紀(jì)世界文學(xué)中不可或缺的一部分。 弗里德里奇·尼采是十九世紀(jì)最具影響力的哲學(xué)家之一。他在其名著《悲劇的誕生》中詳細(xì)論述了“日神精神”和“酒神精神”。這兩個(gè)理論在世界范圍內(nèi)影響了許多代人，為我們研究和欣賞藝術(shù)提供了一個(gè)全新的視角，并給我們一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)來(lái)重估世界、社會(huì)、生命的價(jià)值。鑒于尼采和金斯堡在思想和觀點(diǎn)上是一脈相承的，我們采用“日神精神”和“酒神精神”從更加基礎(chǔ)的方面來(lái)分析《嚎叫》，理解詩(shī)歌中的意象、人物和詩(shī)人自身的強(qiáng)烈感情，是完全可行的。 金斯堡把繪畫(huà)的日神手段應(yīng)用于詩(shī)歌，賦予了世界奇妙的幻象，勾勒出戰(zhàn)后美國(guó)的社會(huì)狀況和美國(guó)民眾的心理狀況。這種描寫(xiě)不是自然主義和超寫(xiě)實(shí)主義意義上的完全仿抄自然，而是在日神的夢(mèng)境中，對(duì)混亂而荒謬的現(xiàn)實(shí)世界適度的美化和神圣化。在這夢(mèng)境中，詩(shī)人獲得了生存的勇氣和存在的理由，并能夠積極樂(lè)觀的面對(duì)殘忍的現(xiàn)實(shí)世界。酒神作為日神的對(duì)手，在這首詩(shī)中他從未停止過(guò)撕碎阿波羅幻象、超越一切腐朽的詩(shī)歌規(guī)則和被廣泛接受的價(jià)值準(zhǔn)則與社會(huì)道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的嚎叫。詩(shī)人消解了自我和其他所有個(gè)體，融入了太一之中、在酒神的醉境中享受著宇宙生成的原始快感。為了滿足這種特殊的需要，日神精神和酒神精神的斗爭(zhēng)與合作不可避免地出現(xiàn)在《嚎叫》中。 這篇論文除引言和結(jié)論外，由三個(gè)章節(jié)組成。第一章通過(guò)分析《嚎叫》中神話的應(yīng)用和由造型藝術(shù)所衍生出的藝術(shù)手段的使用來(lái)研究這首詩(shī)中日神的化身及其影響。第二章詳述酒神的醉境，探討垮掉者生活中“太一的矛盾和痛苦”及“原始的快感”。這里提到的垮掉者不僅僅指“垮掉的一代”中的作家、詩(shī)人和藝術(shù)家們，而是涵蓋了所有以一種不屈服于任何既定規(guī)則的風(fēng)格來(lái)生活的人。第三章闡明《嚎叫》中日神精神和酒神精神的合作與斗爭(zhēng)，探尋這兩種藝術(shù)力量的內(nèi)在關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:The broken Generation is a unique genre of postwar literature. It was a pioneer of the postmodernist and hippie movement. It has been praised and attacked by no other school since its emergence. Allen Ginsburg came from a Russian-American Jewish family. He was the greatest poet in the broken Generation. Howling is one of his many famous poems, A proclamation that the public regards as "the broken Generation." this poem is widely acclaimed along with T. S. Eliot's the Wild Land and James Joyce's Ulysses. It is in literature, poetics, social habits, and morality. Even in other forms of literature, such as painting, film and music, American society has been shaken. Most importantly, howling has influenced the American people along with other works by the "broken Generation" writers. And even the idea and way of life of the world's people. Allen Ginsburg and his howl became an integral part of world literature in 20th century. In 19th century, Friedrich Nietzsche was one of the most influential philosophers. In his famous book, the birth of tragedy, he elaborated on "the Spirit of the Sun" and "the Spirit of the Dionysus", two theories that influenced many generations around the world. It provides us with a new perspective on the study and appreciation of art, and gives us an opportunity to reassess the value of the world, society, and life, given that Nietzsche and Ginsburg are in the same line of thought and view. It is feasible for us to analyze howling from a more basic point of view and to understand the images in poetry and the strong feelings of the characters and poets themselves by using the "Sun God Spirit" and "Dionysus Spirit". Ginsburg applied the sun-gods of painting to poetry, giving the world a wonderful vision. Describe the social and psychological conditions of the American people after the war. This description is not a complete imitation of nature in the sense of naturalism and hyperrealism, but rather a dream of the sun and the gods. The modest beautification and sanctification of the chaotic and absurd real world. In this dream, the poet acquires the courage to live and the reason for existence, and is able to face the cruel real world positively and optimistically. The Dionysus is the adversary of the Sun God, In this poem he never stops shredding Apollo illusions, transcending all decaying poetic rules and the howling of widely accepted norms of value and social morality. The poet dissolves himself and all other individuals and melts into too one. In order to satisfy this special need, the struggle and cooperation between the spirit of the sun and the spirit of Dionysus inevitably appear in howling. In addition to the introduction and conclusions, The first chapter analyzes the application of mythology in howling and the use of artistic means derived from plastic arts to study the incarnation of the god of the sun and its influence in this poem. Discussing the "conflict and pain" and "primitive pleasure" in the life of the crumple. The "cracker" is not just the writer, the poet, and the artist in the "broken generation," It covers all those who live in a style that does not succumb to any established rule. Chapter III illustrates the cooperation and struggle between the spirit of the sun and the spirit of the Dionysus in howling and explores the inner relationship between these two artistic forces.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：I712.072

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