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  本文關(guān)鍵詞：論《浮士德》中的主仆關(guān)系　出處：《湘潭大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： “契約” 浮士德 主仆關(guān)系 文化價(jià)值 審美意義

【摘要】：歌德的《浮士德》中對主仆關(guān)系描寫不同于以往的文學(xué)作品中的刻畫，在這部詩劇中，作者主要描繪了三對主仆：天主與梅非斯特，二者是因賭注聯(lián)系在一起的；天主與浮士德，二者的關(guān)系基于人類對天主的信仰；浮士德與梅非斯特，雙方在契約的約束下得以結(jié)成主仆。 主仆關(guān)系本是人類等級社會(huì)的產(chǎn)物，放置于人神魔共生的《浮士德》中，呈現(xiàn)出不同的特點(diǎn)。宇宙始創(chuàng)者的天主是主宰世界的大神，是萬物之主，無論浮士德還是魔鬼都要臣服在他的統(tǒng)治之下；作為反叛上帝而墜落入地獄的梅非斯特，骨子里的邪惡叛逆精神支撐著自身與天主達(dá)成一種制約下的相互認(rèn)同；浮士德雖是天主的創(chuàng)造物，卻具備了主觀能動(dòng)性，在敬奉天主的同時(shí)開掘著屬于自己的價(jià)值；作為叛逆者的梅非斯特與作為天主杰作的浮士德之間，也存在著沖突而相對平衡的制約關(guān)系。一份契約，一個(gè)賭注，將人神魔三界連結(jié)；主仆約定，將三個(gè)人物的責(zé)任明確。這種有別于存在等級約制的主仆關(guān)系，體現(xiàn)出特定的文化價(jià)值。表現(xiàn)為主仆雙方?jīng)_突中自我價(jià)值的如何實(shí)現(xiàn)，，“契約”規(guī)定下自由的如何張揚(yáng)，宗教觀念里道德的如何指引，具體以主仆制約下人物活動(dòng)的多樣性加以表現(xiàn)。主仆共生的文化價(jià)值就體現(xiàn)在這一系列價(jià)值的實(shí)現(xiàn)過程。這一系列的主仆關(guān)系還體現(xiàn)出深層的審美意義，即主仆雙方性格中存在辯證統(tǒng)一關(guān)系，實(shí)現(xiàn)了主仆關(guān)系中的制約與平衡；人物設(shè)置具有狂歡化色彩，實(shí)現(xiàn)了對自由的贊美、對自我意識覺醒的認(rèn)同；主仆間的善惡對比又映照出人生意義里悲喜共存的復(fù)雜景觀。 《浮士德》的博大深厚之處就體現(xiàn)在這錯(cuò)綜的關(guān)系之中，展現(xiàn)出人類文化與價(jià)值的凝結(jié)。作為人類代表的浮士德博士的雙重身份，沉淪與追尋，都是在與他者的關(guān)系中建立起來的。特殊的主仆關(guān)系成就了這一充滿血肉的人，充盈了《浮士德》這部世俗的經(jīng)典。
[Abstract]:Goethe's "Faust" describes the relationship between master and servant is different from previous literary works. In this poem play, the author mainly describes three pairs of masters and servants: God and Mefeist. The two are linked by bets; The relationship between God and Faust is based on man's faith in God; Faust and Mefester were bound by the contract to form master and servant. The relationship between master and servant is the product of human hierarchy society, placed in the symbiosis of human gods and demons, showing different characteristics. The God of the creator of the universe is the God who dominates the world and the Lord of all things. Both Faust and the devil will be subject to his rule; As a rebel against God and fell into hell of Mayfest, the evil rebellious spirit in the bones of the support of their own and God to reach a kind of restraint under the mutual identity; Although Faustus is the creation of God, but has the subjective initiative, in the worship of God at the same time excavating their own value; There is also a conflict and relative balance between Mefeist, the rebel, and Faust, the masterpiece of God. The master and servant agree to define the responsibilities of the three characters. This relationship, which is different from the existence of hierarchy constraints, embodies a specific cultural value. It is manifested as how to realize the self-value in the conflict between the master and the servant. "contract" under the provisions of the freedom of how to promote, religious concept of how to guide the moral. The cultural value of the symbiosis of the master and the servant is reflected in the realization process of this series of values. The relationship between the master and the servant also reflects the deep aesthetic significance. In other words, there is a dialectical and unified relationship between master and servant, which realizes the restriction and balance in the relationship between master and servant. The character setting has the carnival color, has realized to the freedom praise, to the self-consciousness awakening approval; The contrast of good and evil between masters and servants reflects the complex landscape of the coexistence of joys and sorrows in the meaning of life. The great and profound aspects of Faustus are embodied in this intricate relationship, showing the condensation of human culture and value. As a representative of human beings, Dr. Faust's dual identity, sink and pursuit. It was built in a relationship with the other. The special relationship between master and servant made this flesh and blood man full of Faust, the worldly canon.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：I516.074

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