本文關(guān)鍵詞：論邦達(dá)列夫小說的人道主義　出處：《海南師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 邦達(dá)列夫 人道主義 當(dāng)代意義

【摘要】：本文采用社會(huì)歷史批評(píng)的方法，分析作家特定的歷史文化背景，梳理出邦達(dá)列夫小說創(chuàng)作三個(gè)階段人道主義思想的流變特征。在不同的歷史時(shí)期，邦達(dá)列夫小說中的人道主義內(nèi)涵呈現(xiàn)出不同的歷史傾向性：第一個(gè)時(shí)期，以作家五、六十年代的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)題材小說《請(qǐng)求炮火支援》、《最后的炮轟》、《熱的雪》為代表。三部作品的人道主義體現(xiàn)在，一方面謳歌了衛(wèi)國(guó)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中，蘇聯(lián)軍人以社會(huì)主義人道主義的正義立場(chǎng)反抗侵略的民族精神，另一方面也表現(xiàn)出作者對(duì)苦難同胞的人道主義關(guān)懷；第二個(gè)時(shí)期，以七、八十年代發(fā)表的小說“三部曲”《岸》、《選擇》、《人生舞臺(tái)》為代表。該時(shí)期作家關(guān)注的視角超越了俄羅斯民族命運(yùn)的根意識(shí)的反思，折射出全球意識(shí)的理性思考。①其小說中人道主義的內(nèi)涵也因作家關(guān)注視野的擴(kuò)大，而呈現(xiàn)出“人類人道主義”的特征；第三個(gè)時(shí)期，以上個(gè)世紀(jì)末、本世紀(jì)初發(fā)表的《誘惑》和《百慕大三角》為代表。該時(shí)期的蘇聯(lián)進(jìn)入政治改革的動(dòng)亂時(shí)期，國(guó)民精神渙散、價(jià)值觀念混亂，民族、國(guó)家的前途命運(yùn)再次成為作家關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)，因此這一時(shí)期作家的人道主義思想呈現(xiàn)出對(duì)動(dòng)亂中人性邪惡面的批判以及對(duì)政治動(dòng)亂中同胞的人道主義關(guān)懷。邦達(dá)列夫在小說的創(chuàng)作生涯中，用筆耕構(gòu)筑起了自己的人道主義思想大廈。邦達(dá)列夫始終以人道主義為理論基礎(chǔ)，從生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)出發(fā)，緊跟時(shí)代步伐，不斷以新的視角豐富其文本藝術(shù)世界的人道主義內(nèi)涵。 通過分析可知，在邦達(dá)列夫半個(gè)世紀(jì)的小說創(chuàng)作中，盡管人道主義的傾向性有不同的側(cè)重，但“人的價(jià)值”始終是邦達(dá)列夫小說人道主義得以安身立命的本體。在思考“人的價(jià)值”時(shí)，作家以人道主義的悲憫情懷關(guān)注個(gè)體的生存境遇。在界定“人的價(jià)值”時(shí)，，作者辨證地認(rèn)為個(gè)體的價(jià)值不僅包括最基本的生命價(jià)值，同時(shí)也內(nèi)在地包含情感價(jià)值、精神價(jià)值。在揭示個(gè)體的生命價(jià)值特征時(shí)，作家并非一味地、片面地提倡尊重生命的生存權(quán)，在一定程度上作家也肯定有意義的犧牲；而在宣揚(yáng)個(gè)體的情感價(jià)值時(shí)，作家則不吝筆墨地再現(xiàn)個(gè)體豐富而復(fù)雜的心靈世界。宣傳人性、善良、仁慈是蘇聯(lián)文學(xué)人道主義探討的重要內(nèi)容。作家常常將筆端深入到人性的深層面加以洞察。如何最大限度地實(shí)現(xiàn)“人的價(jià)值”，始終是作家思索的主要問題。在邦達(dá)列夫看來，一個(gè)人只有將自己的價(jià)值同社會(huì)的發(fā)展、全人類的利益辨證統(tǒng)一起來，個(gè)體的價(jià)值才能獲得永恒的意義。因此作家筆下的主人公至始至終都堅(jiān)守著自己的社會(huì)責(zé)任感和道德良知。他們心系全人類發(fā)展的前途命運(yùn)，弘揚(yáng)人性光輝面的同時(shí)也對(duì)極力批判極端個(gè)人主義、利己主義等人性的污濁面。對(duì)于社會(huì)中的丑惡現(xiàn)象，作家表現(xiàn)出了一個(gè)人道主義者毫不寬容的戰(zhàn)斗意識(shí)。作品中的人物，無論是叱咤風(fēng)云的英雄，還是無名小卒，都在邦達(dá)列夫的文本世界中均占據(jù)著獨(dú)特的一席之地。 邦達(dá)列夫小說中的人道主義思想之所以能歷久彌新，原因在于其小說中的人道主義具有強(qiáng)烈的當(dāng)代意義。一方面，作家能夠以動(dòng)態(tài)的歷史觀豐富人道主義思想的內(nèi)涵。正是在這種“當(dāng)代”思維的主導(dǎo)下，作家自覺以強(qiáng)烈的時(shí)代責(zé)任感考量不斷變化著的社會(huì)、歷史，并在新的歷史時(shí)空中升華人道主義的內(nèi)涵，從而使得其作品中的人道主義呈現(xiàn)出鮮明的時(shí)代氣息。也正因如此，他的作品總能在當(dāng)代生活中大放異彩；另一方面，作家小說中的人道主義思想總是在對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的繼承中加以發(fā)展。盡管在不同的歷史時(shí)期，邦達(dá)列夫小說中的人道主義呈現(xiàn)出不同的傾向性。但作家用以洞察歷史、審視社會(huì)的人道主義思想起點(diǎn)則是高爾基所奠定的社會(huì)主義人道主義基點(diǎn)，當(dāng)然，邦達(dá)列夫沒有成為高爾基思想的“跑馬場(chǎng)”，他在創(chuàng)作中秉承高爾基所提出的“文學(xué)是人學(xué)”美學(xué)命題，并在此基礎(chǔ)上加以生發(fā)。對(duì)于俄羅斯優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化中的人道主義思想，作者借鑒繼承并加以發(fā)展。也正是因?yàn)樽骷覍⒆约旱娜说乐髁x思想大廈建構(gòu)于俄羅斯深厚的傳統(tǒng)文化土壤之上，并使之具有強(qiáng)烈的時(shí)代現(xiàn)實(shí)意義，其作品才經(jīng)受住時(shí)代的考驗(yàn)。
[Abstract]:This paper uses the method of social history criticism, analysis of specific historical and cultural background of the writer, to tease out the rheological characteristics of state Daliefu novels in three stages of humanitarian thought. In different historical periods, the humanitarian connotation of Bondarev's novels showing the history of different tendencies: the first period, as a writer in 60s five. War novels < < > request for artillery support, finally shelling hot > >, < snow as a representative. The three works of humanitarianism embodied in hand, eulogizing the Great Patriotic War, the Soviet soldiers to justice of socialist humanitarianism against the aggression of the national spirit, on the other hand alsodisplays of suffering fellow humanitarian care; the second period, seven to 80s, he published the novel "trilogy" < < Select > > Bank, < >, the stage of life as a representative. During this period, the author focuses on the perspective of beyond Reflection on the Russian nationality destiny root consciousness, reflects the rational thinking of global consciousness. The connotation of the novel humanitarian for writers to focus on expanding horizons, and presents the feature of "human humanitarian"; the third period, more than a century, published at the beginning of this century "temptation" and "Bermuda delta > represented. Into the political reform during the period of the Soviet Union during the unrest, the national spirit of the slack, confusion of values, ethnic groups, the fate of the country once again become the focus of attention of the writer, this period of writer's humanitarian thought showing of unrest in the criticism of the evil of human nature and political turmoil in the humanitarian compatriots caring. Bondarev in her writing career, by writing to build the humanitarian ideological building of their own. Lev Banda has always been to humanitarian theory, from the life experience Hair, followed by the pace of the times, constantly enriches the humanitarian connotation of the text art world with a new perspective.
Through the analysis, in Banda Lev half a century of novels, although the tendency of humanism has a different focus, but "the value of man" is always Bondarev's humanitarianism to settle down the body. In the thinking of "human values", the writer with humanitarian compassion and concern for individual survival situation. In the definition of "human values", the author dialectically that individual value includes not only the most basic value of life, but also contained the emotional value, spiritual value. In revealing the features of individual value of life, the writer is not blindly one-sided, promote respect for life right, in a certain degree a writer must also have a sense of sacrifice; and advocate the individual's emotional value, the writer is free ink to reproduce the individual rich and complex inner world. Propaganda humanity, kind, merciful is Su Lianwen The important content of humanitarianism. Writers often will end deep into the human nature of insight. How to maximize the "human values" is the main problem of the writer thought. It seems that in Banda Lev, only one person will own value with the development of society, human unity of interests differentiation, individual value can obtain the eternal significance. So the writers of the hero from the beginning to the end, stick to their own sense of social responsibility and moral conscience of mankind. They are the heart of future development, carry forward the glory of human nature but also to the criticism of individualism, egoism and other human face dirty for the ugly phenomenon in the society, the writer shows a humanitarian tolerance without fighting consciousness. The characters in the works, either all-powerful hero or a cipher, all in the state Dalev has a unique place in the text world.
Bondarev's humanitarian thought is timeless, because of its humanitarian novels with a strong contemporary significance. On the one hand, the writer can enrich the connotation of humanism in the dynamic view of history. It is under the guide of this "modern" thinking, the writer consciously to sense of responsibility of the times strong consideration the changing of the society, history, connotation and sublimation of humanism in the new historical time and space, which makes the work of humanitarianism in showing a distinctive flavor of the times. Because of this, his works always shine in contemporary life; on the other hand, the writer in the novel humanitarianism are always to be developed in the traditional inheritance. Although in the different historical period, humanism of Bondarev s novels present different tendencies. But the writer used to insight into the history, review Humanism is the starting point of social Golgi laid the basis of socialist humanitarianism, of course, Bondarev did not become Golgi thought "the Hippodrome", he inherited in the creation of Golgi's "literature is human aesthetic proposition, and on the basis of development. For Russia the excellent traditional culture of humanity the author thought, inheritance and development. It is also because the writer of humanitarian thought his mansion built up from Russia's profound traditional culture soil, which has strong era and realistic meaning, their works can withstand the test of time.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：海南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：I512.074

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 陳敬奰;前蘇聯(lián)反法西斯戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)小說的敘事方式[J];當(dāng)代外國(guó)文學(xué);1996年01期

2 趙建常;;沉潛之后的繼承與拓展——對(duì)當(dāng)前俄羅斯軍事文學(xué)的一種描述與判斷[J];當(dāng)代外國(guó)文學(xué);2008年02期

3 談天;當(dāng)代蘇聯(lián)作家談人與自然的關(guān)系[J];蘇聯(lián)文學(xué)聯(lián)刊;1992年02期

4 尤·邦達(dá)列夫;王先晉;;向善之路[J];蘇聯(lián)文學(xué)聯(lián)刊;1993年03期

5 汪介之;;“蘇聯(lián)文學(xué)”:內(nèi)涵、價(jià)值及其他[J];俄羅斯文藝;2007年01期

6 陳懿宣;對(duì)小說《岸》中尼基金和愛瑪?shù)膼矍楸瘎〉乃妓鱗J];俄羅斯文藝;1996年01期

7 安啟念;蘇聯(lián)哲學(xué)的人道化及其社會(huì)影響(上)[J];高校理論戰(zhàn)線;1997年01期

8 黃艾榕;歷史與邏輯的統(tǒng)一──評(píng)《蘇聯(lián)反法西斯戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)小說史》[J];俄羅斯文藝;1995年06期

9 陳遼;顯示邦達(dá)列夫的真正價(jià)值——評(píng)《邦達(dá)列夫創(chuàng)作論》[J];當(dāng)代外國(guó)文學(xué);2005年04期

10 范巖;在“緩和”煙幕下爭(zhēng)霸世界的自白——評(píng)蘇修長(zhǎng)篇小說《岸》[J];北京師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);1976年Z1期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 張曉林;邦達(dá)列夫60-80年代創(chuàng)作的藝術(shù)特色[D];黑龍江大學(xué);2006年

本文編號(hào)：1421654