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  本文關(guān)鍵詞：虛無主義視角下的毛姆小說人物研究　出處：《上海師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 虛無主義 異化 毛姆 人物特征

【摘要】：威廉·薩默塞特·毛姆是英國文學(xué)史上一名多產(chǎn)的小說家,他一生共創(chuàng)作了至少四部長篇小說,一百五十篇短篇小說。國內(nèi)學(xué)界對毛姆的這三部作品發(fā)表了林林總總的評論。國外對于毛姆的討論與研究,重點關(guān)注的還是作家本人與其創(chuàng)作的關(guān)系,深究毛姆性格生成原因和作品風(fēng)格的關(guān)聯(lián)。國內(nèi)對毛姆的研究可以分為兩個階段：1949年以前的相關(guān)研究主要是對毛姆作品譯介的前言和后記、文學(xué)史中對毛姆的簡介、報刊文章對其著作的評介等。20世紀70年代末開始,國內(nèi)學(xué)界主要從敘事學(xué)和女性主義的角度解讀毛姆的作品。 毛姆小說創(chuàng)作的高峰期位于兩次世界大戰(zhàn)之間。受兩次世界大戰(zhàn)以及當(dāng)時歐洲流行哲學(xué)因素的影響,毛姆的小說創(chuàng)作有著濃厚的虛無主義色彩。而這一點卻被大多數(shù)的國內(nèi)外評論家們極大地忽視了�；诖�,本文從虛無主義的視角,以毛姆的三部長篇小說《人生的枷鎖》(1915),《月亮與六便士》(1919)和《刀鋒》(1944)以及三部短篇小說《雨》、《蒙德拉古勛爵》和《外表與事實》為研究對象,探討其作品中的人物特征。 論文共分為四個部分。第一章介紹虛無主義的理論淵源,主要解讀尼采的“消極的虛無主義”與“積極的虛無主義”的區(qū)別,從而尋找尼采的虛無主義在毛姆小說中的蹤跡。第二章探討尼采的虛無主義對毛姆創(chuàng)作觀的影響,以及毛姆的虛無主義思想在其小說創(chuàng)作中的表現(xiàn)。第三章從虛無主義的視角,分別對《人生的枷鎖》、《月亮與六便士》、《刀鋒》三部長篇小說以及三部短篇小說《雨》、《蒙德拉古勛爵》和《外表與事實》進行人物分析,著重剖析毛姆作品中的虛無主義色彩。通過上述分析,本文最后在結(jié)語部分歸納了毛姆小說人物中虛無主義特征的幾個方面,即人物的異化感、迷茫感和徒勞意識,以及內(nèi)心的非理性力量。 通過上述分析,我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn),毛姆作品中的這些人物極具代表性,不僅集中體現(xiàn)了他們所處的時代,而且也是許多現(xiàn)代人的一個縮影。因此,細細品讀毛姆的長短篇小說會引發(fā)我們對人類社會人性的深思。毛姆小說中的人物大都掙扎在理想與現(xiàn)實之間的兩難境地,內(nèi)心充滿了在積極與消極的矛盾心理。他們一方面對現(xiàn)實失望之極,個人的價值觀喪失；但另一方面他們對人生有充滿了憧憬,仍為了心中的理想境地而為之努力。在個人價值體系的解構(gòu)和建構(gòu)之間,毛姆筆下的人物彰顯了尼采所說的消極虛無主義與積極虛無主義。
[Abstract]:William Somerset Maum is a British literary history a prolific novelist, he wrote at least four novels, one hundred and fifty short stories. The domestic scholars on the three works of Maugham made numerous comments. Maugham abroad for discussion and research, and focus on the relationship or the writer and his writing. Association Maugham probe character formation reason and style of the works. The domestic study on Maugham can be divided into two stages: before 1949, the related research is mainly on the works of Maugham's translation of the foreword and afterword, introduction to Maugham's literary history, newspaper articles on the work of the review of the.20 century starts at the end of 70s, the domestic academic circles the main interpretation of the narrative from the perspective of feminism and Maugham's works.
Maugham's novels in the peak of the two World War. By two world wars and the influence factors of popular philosophy in Europe at that time, Maugham's novels have a strong sense of nihilism. And it is most domestic and foreign critics largely ignored. Based on this, this article from the perspective of nihilism, to Maugham's three novels: the shackles of life "(1915)," the moon and six pence (1919) > > and < the blade (1944) and three short stories "Rain > > and < <, Lord Mond Lago appearance and fact > as the research object, to explore the characters in his works.
This paper is divided into four parts. The first chapter introduces the theoretical origin of nihilism, the main difference between the interpretation of Nietzsche's "negative nihilism" and "positive nihilism", in order to find Nietzsche's nihilism in Maugham's novels. The second chapter discusses the traces of Nietzsche's nihilism of Maugham's view of creation, and nihilism Maugham in her novels. The third chapter from the perspective of nihilism, the shackles of life < >, < > moon and six pence, "blade > three novels and three short stories" Rain >, < > and < Richmond, Laguna appearance and fact > figure analysis, emphatically analysis of nihilism color in Maugham's works. Through the above analysis, this paper finally in the epilogue sums up several aspects of nihilism characteristics of Maugham characters in the novel, namely people's sense of alienation, confusion and futility. Knowledge, and innermost irrational forces.
Through the above analysis, we find that these characters are very representative in Maugham's works, not only embodies the age they are in, and is also a microcosm of many modern people. Therefore, careful reading of Maugham's novels and short stories will lead us to the human society human thinking. The characters in Maugham's Novels most of the dilemma in the struggle between ideal and reality, the heart is full of positive and negative psychological contradictions. On the one hand, the reality of their disappointment, loss of personal values; but on the other hand, their life is full of expectation, efforts are still to the hearts of the ideal place for deconstruction. Between personal value system and the construction, the characters of Maugham shows that Nietzsche said negative nihilism and positive nihilism.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：I561.074

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