本文選題：清代墓葬建筑 + 李氏家族墓�。� 參考：《重慶師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：四川廣元元壩區(qū)晉賢鄉(xiāng)中山村李氏家族的兩代人三座墓,形制成熟,結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜,雕刻精美,世系關(guān)系清楚,父輩李紫煃墓建于同治二年(1862),子李登洲墓、侄李登升墓建于光緒八年(1882)。其中,李紫煃墓和李登升墓為同一匠師主持修建。這些因素構(gòu)成了川北地區(qū)清代民間墓葬建筑的典型家族墓葬建筑群。文章以李氏家族墓群為個(gè)案,用圖像學(xué)、田野調(diào)查、民俗學(xué)等方法,對(duì)該墓群建筑的裝飾圖像、雕刻工藝以及審美趣味進(jìn)行研究,并在此基礎(chǔ)上嘗試梳理其世系的裝飾特點(diǎn)及裝飾觀念。研究認(rèn)為:李氏家族墓群具有講究對(duì)稱突出中心的裝飾布局;追求豐富突出忠孝的裝飾題材;注重細(xì)節(jié)突出巧藝的裝飾技法;務(wù)為美觀突出世系的裝飾觀念等特點(diǎn)。李氏家族墓群講究對(duì)稱突出中心的裝飾布局遵循了中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)喪禮中長(zhǎng)期形成的建構(gòu)模式,這種“中”的布局形式更容易達(dá)到整體與局部、內(nèi)部空間與外部空間及環(huán)境的協(xié)調(diào),體現(xiàn)出節(jié)奏感與韻律感。李氏家族墓群追求豐富突出忠孝的裝飾題材是墓主人審美思想和建墓理念的最好證明,同時(shí)也可以用典范例子來教育后代。李氏家族墓群注重細(xì)節(jié)突出巧藝的裝飾技法展示了匠師深厚的功底,對(duì)整體和局部的把控能力,突出了匠師在雕刻時(shí)具有創(chuàng)新性、靈活性。這樣做即有節(jié)奏感和韻律感,又能突出重點(diǎn)緩解觀者的視覺疲勞,增添裝飾的趣味性、多樣性。同時(shí)也是匠師豐富生活的積累及細(xì)心觀察的體現(xiàn)。李氏家族墓群務(wù)為美觀突出世系的裝飾觀念體現(xiàn)了墓主人“事死”、“如生”的理念,寄托了亡者對(duì)美好事物的追求及對(duì)后代的祝福,同時(shí)也體現(xiàn)了后人多樣性的民間信仰和對(duì)靈魂的尊敬與邀寵,從而達(dá)到“齊人心”的建筑旨?xì)w。總結(jié):李氏家族墓群裝飾遵循了中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)喪禮講究對(duì)稱突出中心的建構(gòu)模式,展示了匠師高超的建筑和裝飾水平,其裝飾題材傳達(dá)了墓主人“事死”、“如生”的理念,寄托了亡者對(duì)后代的重視及祝福,也體現(xiàn)了后人多樣性的民間信仰和對(duì)靈魂的尊崇,從而達(dá)到“齊人心”的建筑旨?xì)w。
[Abstract]:Two generations and three tombs of the Li family in Jinxian Village, Jinxian Township, Guangyuan District, Sichuan Province, with mature shape, complex structure, exquisite sculptures, and clear lineage, were built in 1862, 1862, 1862, and 1862, respectively, at the Tomb of Zi Li Dengzhou. Li Dengsheng's tomb was built in Guang Xu eight years ago. Among them, Li Zihe tomb and Lee Dengsheng tomb for the same craftsman presided over the construction. These factors constitute the typical family tombs of the Qing Dynasty folk tombs in northern Sichuan. Taking the tomb group of the Li family as an example, this paper studies the decorative images, engraving techniques and aesthetic taste of the tomb building with the methods of imageology, field investigation, folklore and so on. On this basis, it tries to sort out its lineage decoration characteristics and decoration concept. The study holds that: Li family tombs have the characteristics of emphasizing the decorative layout of symmetrical prominence center, pursuing rich decorative themes that highlight loyalty and filial piety, paying attention to detail and highlighting the decorative techniques of skillful art, and giving attention to the beauty and the adornment concept of lineage. The decoration and layout of the symmetrical prominent center in the tomb group of the Li family followed the pattern of construction formed for a long time in the Chinese traditional funeral ceremony. This "middle" layout form is easier to achieve the harmony between the whole and the part, the internal space and the external space and the environment. Reflects the sense of rhythm and rhythm. The pursuit of rich decorative themes highlighting loyalty and filial piety is the best proof of the tomb owners' aesthetic thought and the concept of tomb building, and can also be used to educate future generations with exemplary examples. The adornment techniques of the Li family tombs pay attention to details and highlight the craftsman's deep foundation, the ability to control the whole and part of the work, and the creative and flexible nature of the craftsman in carving. In this way, there is rhythm and rhythm, but also can focus on alleviating the visual fatigue of the viewer, adding fun and variety of decoration. It is also the embodiment of rich life accumulation and careful observation of craftsmen. The tomb affairs of the Li family embody the concept of "serving death" and "life like life" for the sake of beautiful appearance and outstanding descent, and ascribe the dead's pursuit of the beautiful things and the blessing to the future generations. At the same time, it also reflects the diversity of folk beliefs and respect for the soul and invite favor, so as to achieve the architectural purpose of "Qi people's heart". Summary: the decoration of the Li family tombs follows the construction mode of the traditional Chinese funeral ceremony, which emphasizes the symmetry and prominence of the center, and shows the excellent architecture and decoration level of the craftsman, whose decoration theme conveys the concept of "dying" and "living" of the tomb owner. It also embodies the diversity of folk beliefs and respect for the soul of later generations, thus achieving the architectural aim of "Qi people's heart".
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TU251

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