發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-29 20:34

【摘要】：裕固族自稱(chēng)“堯乎爾”,地處河西走廊中部祁連山北麓,是我國(guó)人口較少的少數(shù)民族。 據(jù)考,裕固族是甘州回鶻的后裔,其族源可追溯到戰(zhàn)國(guó)、秦、漢時(shí)期在貝爾加湖一帶游牧的“丁零”’。專(zhuān)家認(rèn)為,家喻戶(hù)曉的《敕勒歌》是裕固族先民的民歌。 16世紀(jì)初,裕固族定居河西。相對(duì)安定的社會(huì)環(huán)境以及集中的民族聚居等原因使這一時(shí)期的裕固族民歌異常豐富,且風(fēng)格獨(dú)特。筆者將這一時(shí)期至裕固族定族名期間的民歌稱(chēng)之為“裕固族傳統(tǒng)民歌”2。裕固族傳統(tǒng)民歌是研究北方少數(shù)民族民歌,特別是突厥、蒙古民歌的“活化石”；是研究古代北方游牧民族歷史的重要依據(jù)和參考資料；也是挖掘、研究中國(guó)西部少數(shù)民族音樂(lè)的基礎(chǔ)和依據(jù),對(duì)北方民族音樂(lè)具有重要的參考價(jià)值和史料價(jià)值3。 隨著歷史的變遷,現(xiàn)代生活方式的確立,舊的生活方式和社會(huì)環(huán)境逐步退出歷史舞臺(tái),裕固族傳統(tǒng)民歌失去了滋養(yǎng)它的土壤。珍貴的裕固族傳統(tǒng)民歌在傳承中出現(xiàn)了它現(xiàn)階段的表征：傳統(tǒng)民歌逐漸退化且面臨失傳;民間傳承人逐漸減少；傳統(tǒng)民歌保存不夠完整；傳統(tǒng)民歌“復(fù)合型”發(fā)展趨勢(shì)加速；傳統(tǒng)民歌傳播舉步維艱；傳統(tǒng)民歌創(chuàng)新無(wú)法突破;傳統(tǒng)民歌發(fā)展與社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展脫節(jié)；傳統(tǒng)民歌認(rèn)知意識(shí)總體薄弱;研究者極度缺乏。裕固族傳統(tǒng)民歌的傳承正面臨著時(shí)代的考驗(yàn)。 本文試圖在前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合實(shí)地考察,綜述裕固族傳統(tǒng)民歌傳承現(xiàn)狀。就裕固族傳統(tǒng)民歌傳承現(xiàn)狀中存在的幾個(gè)突出問(wèn)題和裕固族傳統(tǒng)民歌在現(xiàn)階的保護(hù)、繼承和發(fā)展等方面談?wù)勛约旱囊恍\見(jiàn),拋磚引玉,以求教于諸位前輩和同道,借以引起對(duì)裕固族傳統(tǒng)民歌傳承問(wèn)題的關(guān)注。
[Abstract]:Yugur people call themselves "Yao Huer", located in the northern foot of the Qilian Mountains in the middle of the Hexi Corridor. According to the examination, Yugur is a descendant of the Ganzhou Uighur, its origin can be traced back to the warring States period, Qin, Han Dynasty in the area of Belga Lake nomadic "Ding zero". Experts believe that the household name Royal Legge is a folk song of the Yugur people. In the early 16th century, the Yugur settled in Hexi. The relatively stable social environment and concentrated ethnic groups make Yugur folk songs of this period extremely rich and unique style. The author calls the folk songs from this period to the period of Yugur nationality name as "Yugur traditional folk song" 2. The Yugur traditional folk songs are the "living fossils" of the folk songs of the northern minority nationalities, especially the Turkic and Mongolian folk songs; they are the important basis and reference materials for studying the history of the ancient northern nomadic peoples; and they are also excavated. The research on the basis and basis of minority music in western China has important reference value and historical data value for northern folk music. With the change of history and the establishment of modern life style, the old life style and social environment gradually withdraw from the historical stage, and the Yugur traditional folk songs have lost the soil to nourish it. The precious Yugur traditional folk song is characterized by its present stage: the traditional folk song gradually degenerates and faces loss, the folk inheritor decreases gradually, the preservation of the traditional folk song is not complete, the development trend of the traditional folk song "compound type" accelerates; The traditional folk song dissemination is difficult; the traditional folk song innovation cannot break through; the traditional folk song development and the social economic development are disjointed; the traditional folk song cognition consciousness is generally weak; the researcher extremely lacks. The inheritance of Yugur traditional folk songs is facing the test of the times. This paper attempts to summarize the status quo of Yugur traditional folk song inheritance on the basis of previous research and field investigation. With regard to several outstanding problems existing in the inheritance of Yugur traditional folk songs, and the protection, inheritance and development of Yugur traditional folk songs in the present stage, this paper talks about their own views, and offers some suggestions to draw on the wisdom of their predecessors and colleagues. In order to arouse the Yugur traditional folk song inheritance of concern.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：J607

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