退耕還林政策影響下農(nóng)林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)交錯(cuò)帶動(dòng)態(tài)變化
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-04-08 17:54
【摘要】：退耕還林工程不僅影響著土地利用方式的改變,還會(huì)引起土地覆蓋的變化。通過分析退耕還林工程的實(shí)施對(duì)山地農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)空間格局的影響,可以為土地的可持續(xù)利用和退耕還林工作的開展提供參考價(jià)值。 本研究選取云南省維西縣退耕年限不同的兩塊樣地為對(duì)象,調(diào)查這兩塊樣地在不同退耕年限下的植物群落結(jié)構(gòu)、生長(zhǎng)型組成及物種多樣性和土壤的養(yǎng)分指標(biāo),用以測(cè)定交錯(cuò)帶的位置和寬度,來探討景觀格局水平上生態(tài)系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部的變化及生態(tài)過程。這對(duì)預(yù)測(cè)該工程驅(qū)動(dòng)下景觀和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)恢復(fù)及將來的變化趨勢(shì)有著非常重要的意義。 得到結(jié)果如下： (1)2011年到2013年間,2009年退耕撂荒地中的優(yōu)勢(shì)種主要為草本群落。期間在撂荒地中逐漸出現(xiàn)零星分布的云南松幼苗；在2003年退耕樣地的撂荒地中植物群落出現(xiàn)了明顯的喬、灌、草分層結(jié)構(gòu),隨著退耕年限的增加,灌木逐漸替代草本成為優(yōu)勢(shì)種,草本植物種類數(shù)量有所下降,灌木和喬木物種所占比例有所上升。 (2)2011年到2013年間,兩塊退耕樣地的物種組成,群落結(jié)構(gòu)趨于復(fù)雜,物種多樣性指數(shù)也逐漸增加。同一年份下,2003年退耕樣地的各物種多樣性指數(shù)高于2009年退耕樣地。這種變化符合一般的群落演替規(guī)律。說明在該研究區(qū),自然恢復(fù)是較為有效的植被恢復(fù)方式。 (3)2011年到2013年間,沿著撂荒地-云南松林樣帶序列,兩塊退耕樣地土壤酸性都逐漸增強(qiáng)。不同退耕年的樣地pH值均呈現(xiàn)交錯(cuò)帶撂荒地云南松林,有機(jī)質(zhì)含量均呈現(xiàn)交錯(cuò)帶云南松林撂荒地。且同一塊退耕樣地,2013年的pH值整體趨勢(shì)都要低于2011年,有機(jī)質(zhì)含量都要高于2011年,說明林地涵養(yǎng)土壤養(yǎng)分的能力較強(qiáng),退耕還林政策也促進(jìn)了土壤質(zhì)量的改善。 (4)2009年退耕樣地基于物種重要值為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)測(cè)定的交錯(cuò)帶寬度,在2011年到2013年間,增加了7m,以土壤養(yǎng)分為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)測(cè)定的交錯(cuò)帶寬度,在2011年到2013年間,增加了8m；2003年退耕樣地基于物種重要值和土壤養(yǎng)分為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)測(cè)定的交錯(cuò)帶的寬度變化比較一致,在2011年到2013年間,都增加了15m。期間,2009年退耕樣地呈現(xiàn)的交錯(cuò)帶波峰較窄且陡峭,表明該處邊界明顯,具有急變型特征,交錯(cuò)帶類型為急變型。2003年退耕樣地則由陡峭逐漸變化為平緩,交錯(cuò)帶類型由原來的急變型過渡為平緩型。說明交錯(cuò)帶的變化是一個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)變化的過程,隨著退耕時(shí)間的增加,交錯(cuò)帶的寬度也在增加,兩個(gè)異質(zhì)性較大的相鄰斑塊最終可能恢復(fù)成一個(gè)斑塊,隨著時(shí)間進(jìn)程,撂荒地最終可能演替為以云南松林為主的森林。
[Abstract]:The project of returning farmland to forest not only affects the change of land use mode, but also causes the change of land cover. Through the analysis of the impact of the implementation of the project on the spatial pattern of mountain agro-ecosystem and natural ecosystem, it can provide a reference value for the sustainable use of land and the development of the work of returning farmland to forestry. In this study, the plant community structure, growth type composition, species diversity and soil nutrient indexes of two plots with different years of returning farmland in Weixi County, Yunnan Province, were investigated, and the results were as follows: (1) the structure of plant community, the composition of growth pattern, the diversity of species and the nutrient index of soil were investigated in the two plots. It is used to measure the position and width of the interlaced zone to discuss the changes and ecological processes of the ecosystem at the landscape pattern level. It is of great significance to predict the trend of landscape and ecosystem restoration and future changes driven by the project. The results are as follows: (1) from 2011 to 2013, the dominant species of abandoned land in 2009 were mainly herbaceous communities. The scattered seedlings of Pinus yunnanensis gradually appeared in abandoned land during the period. In 2003, the plant communities in the abandoned land of the recultivated land appeared obvious hierarchical structure of Arbor, Irrigation and Grass. With the increase of the years of returning farmland, shrubs gradually replaced herbs as the dominant species, and the number of herbaceous species decreased. The proportion of shrub and tree species has increased. (2) from 2011 to 2013, the species composition of the two plots tended to be complex and the species diversity index increased gradually. In the same year, the species diversity index in 2003 was higher than that in 2009. This change is in accordance with the general rule of community succession. It shows that natural restoration is an effective vegetation restoration method in this study area. (3) from 2011 to 2013, along the abandoned land-Pinus yunnanensis forest-like zone sequence, the soil acidity of the two plots gradually increased. The pH value and organic matter content of the sample plots were interlaced-zone wasteland and abandoned land of Pinus yunnanensis in different years of returning farmland. And in the same plot, the overall trend of pH value in 2013 was lower than that in 2011, and the content of organic matter was higher than that in 2011. This indicated that the soil nutrient conservation capacity of forest land was stronger, and the policy of returning farmland to forest also promoted the improvement of soil quality. (4) in 2009, the width of interlaced zone based on species importance was increased by 7 m from 2011 to 2013, and by 8 m from 2011 to 2013, using soil nutrients as the standard measure of the interlaced zone, and the interlaced zone width based on species importance value was increased by 7 m in 2009 and 8 m between 2011 and 2013. In 2003, the width of the interlaced zone measured on the basis of species importance and soil nutrients was consistent, increasing by 15 m between 2011 and 2013. During the period of 2009, the peak of the staggered zone was narrow and steep in 2009, indicating that the boundary was obvious and had the characteristics of rapid variation, and the type of interlaced zone was acute type. In 2003, the cropland changed gradually from steep to flat. The type of interlaced zone changes from the original acute type to the flat type. It is indicated that the change of the interlaced zone is a dynamic process, and the width of the interlaced zone increases with the increase of the conversion time, and the two adjacent patches with greater heterogeneity may eventually return to a patch, and with the development of the time, the interlaced zone may eventually return to a patch. Abandoned land may eventually be replaced by forests dominated by Pinus yunnanensis.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：云南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S718.55
本文編號(hào)：2454787
[Abstract]:The project of returning farmland to forest not only affects the change of land use mode, but also causes the change of land cover. Through the analysis of the impact of the implementation of the project on the spatial pattern of mountain agro-ecosystem and natural ecosystem, it can provide a reference value for the sustainable use of land and the development of the work of returning farmland to forestry. In this study, the plant community structure, growth type composition, species diversity and soil nutrient indexes of two plots with different years of returning farmland in Weixi County, Yunnan Province, were investigated, and the results were as follows: (1) the structure of plant community, the composition of growth pattern, the diversity of species and the nutrient index of soil were investigated in the two plots. It is used to measure the position and width of the interlaced zone to discuss the changes and ecological processes of the ecosystem at the landscape pattern level. It is of great significance to predict the trend of landscape and ecosystem restoration and future changes driven by the project. The results are as follows: (1) from 2011 to 2013, the dominant species of abandoned land in 2009 were mainly herbaceous communities. The scattered seedlings of Pinus yunnanensis gradually appeared in abandoned land during the period. In 2003, the plant communities in the abandoned land of the recultivated land appeared obvious hierarchical structure of Arbor, Irrigation and Grass. With the increase of the years of returning farmland, shrubs gradually replaced herbs as the dominant species, and the number of herbaceous species decreased. The proportion of shrub and tree species has increased. (2) from 2011 to 2013, the species composition of the two plots tended to be complex and the species diversity index increased gradually. In the same year, the species diversity index in 2003 was higher than that in 2009. This change is in accordance with the general rule of community succession. It shows that natural restoration is an effective vegetation restoration method in this study area. (3) from 2011 to 2013, along the abandoned land-Pinus yunnanensis forest-like zone sequence, the soil acidity of the two plots gradually increased. The pH value and organic matter content of the sample plots were interlaced-zone wasteland and abandoned land of Pinus yunnanensis in different years of returning farmland. And in the same plot, the overall trend of pH value in 2013 was lower than that in 2011, and the content of organic matter was higher than that in 2011. This indicated that the soil nutrient conservation capacity of forest land was stronger, and the policy of returning farmland to forest also promoted the improvement of soil quality. (4) in 2009, the width of interlaced zone based on species importance was increased by 7 m from 2011 to 2013, and by 8 m from 2011 to 2013, using soil nutrients as the standard measure of the interlaced zone, and the interlaced zone width based on species importance value was increased by 7 m in 2009 and 8 m between 2011 and 2013. In 2003, the width of the interlaced zone measured on the basis of species importance and soil nutrients was consistent, increasing by 15 m between 2011 and 2013. During the period of 2009, the peak of the staggered zone was narrow and steep in 2009, indicating that the boundary was obvious and had the characteristics of rapid variation, and the type of interlaced zone was acute type. In 2003, the cropland changed gradually from steep to flat. The type of interlaced zone changes from the original acute type to the flat type. It is indicated that the change of the interlaced zone is a dynamic process, and the width of the interlaced zone increases with the increase of the conversion time, and the two adjacent patches with greater heterogeneity may eventually return to a patch, and with the development of the time, the interlaced zone may eventually return to a patch. Abandoned land may eventually be replaced by forests dominated by Pinus yunnanensis.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：云南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S718.55
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