發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-04-02 13:16

【摘要】：庫(kù)布齊沙漠位于鄂爾多斯高原東西向隆起帶北部及其向河套平原過(guò)渡的坡面上,地勢(shì)南高北低,其西、北、東3面均由黃河環(huán)繞,南部為構(gòu)造臺(tái)地,中部為風(fēng)成沙丘,北部為河漫灘地,地處現(xiàn)代亞洲夏季風(fēng)影響的邊緣,屬于干旱-半干旱過(guò)渡帶。沙漠生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱,對(duì)氣候變化的響應(yīng)敏感,庫(kù)布齊沙漠的形成演化過(guò)程是河套-鄂爾多斯地區(qū)環(huán)境變化的縮影。庫(kù)布齊沙漠地表發(fā)育沙漠相風(fēng)成沉積物,由沙丘、丘間、沙席等風(fēng)成相沉積組成。獲取沙漠覆蓋區(qū)第四紀(jì)沉積物記錄的地質(zhì)信息,探討庫(kù)布齊沙漠形成和發(fā)展過(guò)程,構(gòu)建庫(kù)布齊地層格架,為還原區(qū)域環(huán)境演化歷提供重要證據(jù)。本文利用遙感影像、探地雷達(dá)掃描結(jié)合沙丘類型、發(fā)育成熟度,獲取風(fēng)向信息并聯(lián)合氣象數(shù)據(jù),還原古風(fēng)向和沙漠化過(guò)程。認(rèn)為庫(kù)布齊沙漠是西北風(fēng)為主導(dǎo)的低風(fēng)能環(huán)境,不支持遠(yuǎn)距離搬運(yùn),風(fēng)沙堆積為近源。通過(guò)槽型鉆、沖擊鉆、深鉆揭露地表風(fēng)成沙后,結(jié)合粒度分析、掃描電鏡等沉積分析手段和OSL、14C年代約束方法,確定庫(kù)布齊的基底及風(fēng)沙物質(zhì)來(lái)源。本文獲取了庫(kù)布齊下伏河流沖積體系和湖沼體系(古河道洼地鹽化湖沼)的沉積層序,確定庫(kù)布齊下伏埋藏有黃河古河道,并認(rèn)為庫(kù)布齊是在干旱河道上受風(fēng)力作用就地起沙形成風(fēng)沙堆積,黃河沖積物為庫(kù)布齊主要物源。庫(kù)布齊北緣局部發(fā)育的礫漠,實(shí)際為被風(fēng)力揭露的沙丘基底,屬于黃河沖積物的再風(fēng)蝕相,也證明了“就地起沙”這一形成模式。通過(guò)氣候環(huán)境指標(biāo)分析,探討庫(kù)布齊發(fā)育和演化過(guò)程。庫(kù)布齊因受河套盆地深部隱伏正斷層控制,且位于早先存在的“吉蘭泰-河套”古大湖區(qū)域內(nèi)(整體為臺(tái)陷型湖盆),以前為濱淺湖沉積。古大湖湖面退縮的過(guò)程中,16-11ka古黃河過(guò)流并沖刷侵蝕湖相沉積地層,在古湖底之上堆積沖積礫石、細(xì)砂等大量沙源基礎(chǔ)。中全新世距今4.1ka,庫(kù)布齊地區(qū)黃河古河道低洼處發(fā)育鹽化沼澤,沙丘初步堆積。晚全新世距今1.44ka,風(fēng)沙活化能力增強(qiáng),庫(kù)布齊逐步形成沙漠地貌景觀。
[Abstract]:Kubuqi Desert is located on the slope of the east-west uplift belt and its transition to the Hetao plain on the east-west of the Ordos Plateau. The topography is high in the south and low in the north, surrounded by the Yellow River in the west, north and east, structural platform in the south, and wind-formed sand dunes in the middle. The northern part is floodplain, which is located on the edge of modern Asian summer monsoon and belongs to the arid-semi-arid transitional zone. Desert ecological environment is fragile and sensitive to climate change. The formation and evolution of Kubuqi Desert is the epitome of environmental change in Hetao-Ordos region. Desert facies eolian sediments are developed on the surface of Kubuqi desert, which are composed of sand dunes, sand mats and other eolian facies deposits. The geological information of Quaternary sediment records in desert-covered area is obtained, the formation and development process of Kubuqi desert are discussed, and the Kubuqi stratigraphic framework is constructed, which provides important evidence for reducing the regional environmental evolution calendar. In this paper, remote sensing images, ground penetrating radar (GPR) scanning combined with sand dune type are used to develop maturity, obtain wind direction information and combine meteorological data to restore ancient wind direction and desertification process. It is considered that the Kubuqi desert is a low wind energy environment dominated by northwest wind, which does not support long-distance transportation, and wind-blown sand accumulation is a near source. The basement and the source of aeolian sediment in Kubuqi are determined by trough drilling, impact drilling and deep drilling, combined with grain size analysis, SEM and OSL,14C age constraint method. In this paper, the sedimentary sequence of the alluvial system and lacustrine system (salinized lake marsh in ancient channel depression) of Kubuqi is obtained, and it is determined that there is an ancient Yellow River channel buried in Kubuqi. It is considered that Kubuqi is the main source of sand in Kubuqi by wind-driven sand accumulation in the area and the Yellow River alluvial matter is the main source of Kubuqi. The gravelly desert developed locally in the northern margin of Kubuqi is actually the sand dune basement exposed by wind, which belongs to the rewind erosion phase of the alluvial matter of the Yellow River, which also proves the formation mode of "on-the-spot sand rising". The development and evolution of Kubuqi are discussed through the analysis of climatic and environmental indicators. Kubuqi is controlled by deep concealed normal faults in Hetao basin and is located in the earlier "Jilantai-Hetao" paleolake area (the whole basin is platform depression type lake basin), which was previously shoreline-shallow lacustrine deposit. During the receding process of the paleolake surface, the 16-11ka paleo-Yellow River overflowed and eroded the lacustrine sedimentary strata, and accumulated a large amount of alluvial gravel, fine sand and so on top of the ancient lake floor. The middle Holocene is 4.1 ka away. Salinized swamps and sand dunes are formed in the low-lying areas of the ancient Yellow River in Kubuqi area. The late Holocene is 1.44 ka. the ability of wind-blown sand activation is enhanced, and Kubuqi gradually forms desert landscape.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：P931.3;P534.63

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