濕地公園岸帶空間設(shè)計研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-03-25 21:37
【摘要】：濕地公園是近年來興起的一種濕地保護(hù)與綜合利用協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展新型模式,其設(shè)計理論與實踐尚不完善。目前在濕地公園岸帶空間設(shè)計中,較多的沿用了園林景觀水體的設(shè)計思路,造成了濕地植物種類匱乏、岸帶物質(zhì)與能量交流不暢、岸帶生態(tài)功能低下等問題。為此,本文以濕地公園岸帶為研究對象,以維護(hù)與增強(qiáng)岸帶生物多樣性為主要目標(biāo),提出滿足生態(tài)需求和社會需求的多種濕地公園岸帶岸帶空間設(shè)計方式。本文首先對影響濕地公園岸帶空間生物多樣性的因素進(jìn)行分析,總結(jié)出以下濕地公園岸帶空間設(shè)計的基本思路。1.在進(jìn)行濕地公園岸帶空間配置過程中,選擇植被物種時,盡量不選擇具有相同生態(tài)位的物種,避免種群之間強(qiáng)烈性競爭,使得群落趨于穩(wěn)定。2.在相對穩(wěn)定的植被群落中,盡量選擇各自生態(tài)位不同的植被。植被的生態(tài)位要素包括:水位高差、種群密度、種群個體數(shù)、植被配置的時間、空間位置等多個方面。3.由多個種群組成的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)要比由單一種群組成的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定,因此進(jìn)行岸帶植被配置時應(yīng)該盡量選擇多樣的物種進(jìn)行搭配種植。4.基于對邊緣效應(yīng)生態(tài)學(xué)意義的理解,在濕地公園岸帶的設(shè)計與改造過程中,應(yīng)逐漸開拓對邊緣效應(yīng)的認(rèn)識,在地理位置、動物棲息地環(huán)境營造、人為影響、景觀性質(zhì)與斑塊破碎化程度等方面應(yīng)提高重視度。其次,本研究依據(jù)濕地水深、水流速度、岸帶形式三個要素將岸帶歸納為六種岸帶類型,分別為靜水深水型、靜水淺水型、深水凸岸性、深水凹岸型、淺水凸岸性、淺水凹岸型。并將每種岸帶類型元素組成劃分為自然與人文元素,自然元素內(nèi)容包括濕地植物配置、水文特征、基質(zhì)的組成,人文元素包括岸帶設(shè)施元素以及濃厚的文化元素。其中,設(shè)施元素部分基于不同的岸帶類型介紹了四種生態(tài)護(hù)岸形式,包括拋石護(hù)岸、木樁護(hù)岸、石籠護(hù)岸、礫石網(wǎng)筒護(hù)岸,文化元素部分介紹了木棧道、觀景平臺、碼頭、廊道等人類文化設(shè)施。再次,本文基于動植物棲息地、人類游憩休閑和科研宣教等不同需要,對濕地公園岸帶空間元素進(jìn)行配置組合,提出不同岸帶類型的設(shè)計模式。最后,文章以北京市平谷區(qū)小龍河濕地公園為主要案例改造對象,通過對岸帶軟硬質(zhì)分析、植物配置分析、護(hù)坡類型分析、動物棲息地分析、人文元素等的分析,剖析目前小龍河濕地公園岸帶空間面臨的問題,提出在植物配置與分布、護(hù)坡類型及其分布、動物棲息地改造等方面的建議,最后做出基于保護(hù)岸帶空間的設(shè)計方案,總結(jié)出針對濕地公園岸帶空間設(shè)計的經(jīng)驗與方法。以期為之后的濕地公園岸帶空間設(shè)計指導(dǎo)方向。
[Abstract]:Wetland park is a new pattern of harmonious development of wetland protection and comprehensive utilization in recent years, and its design theory and practice are not perfect. At present, in the design of wetland park shore space, more and more landscape water body design ideas have been used, resulting in the lack of wetland plant species, coastal material and energy exchange is not smooth, the low ecological function of the coastal zone and so on. Therefore, this paper takes the coastal zone of wetland park as the research object, with the main goal of maintaining and enhancing the biodiversity of the coastal zone, and puts forward a variety of spatial design methods of the coastal zone of wetland park to meet the ecological and social needs. In this paper, the factors affecting the spatial biodiversity of wetland park shore zone are analyzed, and the basic ideas of the following wetland park shore zone space design are summarized. In the process of spatial allocation of coastal zone in wetland park, the species with the same niche should not be selected as far as possible when selecting vegetation species, so as to avoid strong competition among populations and make the community tend to be stable. In the relatively stable vegetation community, choose the vegetation with different niche as far as possible. The niche elements of vegetation include: water level difference, population density, population individual number, time of vegetation allocation, spatial location and so on. 3. The ecosystem composed of multiple populations is more stable than that made up of a single population. Therefore, various species should be chosen as far as possible for the allocation of coastal vegetation. 4. Based on the understanding of the ecological significance of the edge effect, in the course of the design and transformation of the coastal zone of the wetland park, we should gradually develop the understanding of the edge effect, create the environment of the animal habitat and man-made influence in the geographical position, the animal habitat and the environment. Attention should be paid to landscape properties and patch fragmentation. Secondly, according to the three factors of wetland water depth, flow velocity and coastal zone form, the coastal zone can be classified into six types, namely, static water deep water type, static water shallow water type, deep water bulge type, deep water concave bank type, shallow water protruding type, and so on, which can be divided into six types: static water deep water type, static water shallow water type, deep water protruding type, Shallow water concave bank type. The elements of each type of coastal zone are divided into natural and human elements. The natural elements include wetland plant configuration, hydrological characteristics, matrix composition, cultural elements including coastal facilities elements and strong cultural elements. Among them, four kinds of ecological revetment forms are introduced based on different types of shoreline, including boulder bank protection, wooden pile bank protection, stone cage bank protection, gravel net bank protection, cultural element part introduces wooden trestle road, viewing platform, wharf. Human cultural facilities such as corridors. Thirdly, based on the different needs of animal and plant habitat, human recreation and scientific research, this paper combines the spatial elements of the coastal zone of wetland park, and puts forward the design patterns of different types of coastal zones. Finally, the paper takes Xiaolong River Wetland Park in Pinggu District of Beijing as the main case, through the analysis of soft and hard in the opposite shore zone, the analysis of plant configuration, the analysis of slope protection type, the analysis of animal habitat, the analysis of human elements, and so on. This paper analyzes the problems faced by the coastal space of Xiaolong River Wetland Park at present, puts forward some suggestions in the aspects of plant allocation and distribution, slope protection type and distribution, animal habitat transformation, etc., and finally makes a design scheme based on the protected coastal space. This paper summarizes the experiences and methods in the design of the coastal zone of wetland park. In order to guide the design of the coastal zone of wetland park.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國林業(yè)科學(xué)研究院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU986.5
本文編號：2447340
[Abstract]:Wetland park is a new pattern of harmonious development of wetland protection and comprehensive utilization in recent years, and its design theory and practice are not perfect. At present, in the design of wetland park shore space, more and more landscape water body design ideas have been used, resulting in the lack of wetland plant species, coastal material and energy exchange is not smooth, the low ecological function of the coastal zone and so on. Therefore, this paper takes the coastal zone of wetland park as the research object, with the main goal of maintaining and enhancing the biodiversity of the coastal zone, and puts forward a variety of spatial design methods of the coastal zone of wetland park to meet the ecological and social needs. In this paper, the factors affecting the spatial biodiversity of wetland park shore zone are analyzed, and the basic ideas of the following wetland park shore zone space design are summarized. In the process of spatial allocation of coastal zone in wetland park, the species with the same niche should not be selected as far as possible when selecting vegetation species, so as to avoid strong competition among populations and make the community tend to be stable. In the relatively stable vegetation community, choose the vegetation with different niche as far as possible. The niche elements of vegetation include: water level difference, population density, population individual number, time of vegetation allocation, spatial location and so on. 3. The ecosystem composed of multiple populations is more stable than that made up of a single population. Therefore, various species should be chosen as far as possible for the allocation of coastal vegetation. 4. Based on the understanding of the ecological significance of the edge effect, in the course of the design and transformation of the coastal zone of the wetland park, we should gradually develop the understanding of the edge effect, create the environment of the animal habitat and man-made influence in the geographical position, the animal habitat and the environment. Attention should be paid to landscape properties and patch fragmentation. Secondly, according to the three factors of wetland water depth, flow velocity and coastal zone form, the coastal zone can be classified into six types, namely, static water deep water type, static water shallow water type, deep water bulge type, deep water concave bank type, shallow water protruding type, and so on, which can be divided into six types: static water deep water type, static water shallow water type, deep water protruding type, Shallow water concave bank type. The elements of each type of coastal zone are divided into natural and human elements. The natural elements include wetland plant configuration, hydrological characteristics, matrix composition, cultural elements including coastal facilities elements and strong cultural elements. Among them, four kinds of ecological revetment forms are introduced based on different types of shoreline, including boulder bank protection, wooden pile bank protection, stone cage bank protection, gravel net bank protection, cultural element part introduces wooden trestle road, viewing platform, wharf. Human cultural facilities such as corridors. Thirdly, based on the different needs of animal and plant habitat, human recreation and scientific research, this paper combines the spatial elements of the coastal zone of wetland park, and puts forward the design patterns of different types of coastal zones. Finally, the paper takes Xiaolong River Wetland Park in Pinggu District of Beijing as the main case, through the analysis of soft and hard in the opposite shore zone, the analysis of plant configuration, the analysis of slope protection type, the analysis of animal habitat, the analysis of human elements, and so on. This paper analyzes the problems faced by the coastal space of Xiaolong River Wetland Park at present, puts forward some suggestions in the aspects of plant allocation and distribution, slope protection type and distribution, animal habitat transformation, etc., and finally makes a design scheme based on the protected coastal space. This paper summarizes the experiences and methods in the design of the coastal zone of wetland park. In order to guide the design of the coastal zone of wetland park.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國林業(yè)科學(xué)研究院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU986.5
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條
1 慎佳泓;胡仁勇;李銘紅;丁平;于明堅;丁炳揚;;杭州灣和樂清灣灘涂圍墾對濕地植物多樣性的影響[J];浙江大學(xué)學(xué)報(理學(xué)版);2006年03期
2 莊素劍;;對生態(tài)駁岸設(shè)計的探討[J];現(xiàn)代園藝;2011年13期
，本文編號：2447340
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