發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-01-27 13:22

【摘要】：城市濕地系統(tǒng)作為城市生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的一部分,是人類生存環(huán)境質(zhì)量的保障,也是維持人類生產(chǎn)生活基礎(chǔ)物質(zhì)的生產(chǎn)地,更是構(gòu)成并影響城市空間結(jié)構(gòu)的重要生態(tài)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。南昌市是江西省的省會(huì)城市,處于鄱陽湖平原和贛江尾閭地區(qū),河湖眾多濕地資源豐富。由于社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展,南昌市濕地受人類活動(dòng)影響的規(guī)模與速度不斷擴(kuò)大,使得濕地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的景觀格局及生態(tài)過程發(fā)生改變,從而影響其生態(tài)功能的發(fā)揮。研究南昌市城市濕地的景觀格局及其演變規(guī)律,可以對濕地資源的合理利用與保護(hù)及城市的建設(shè)和規(guī)劃管理工作提出合理的建議。本文采用濕地景觀生態(tài)學(xué)的基本理論和方法對南昌市濕地的景觀格局現(xiàn)狀和變化規(guī)律進(jìn)行研究�；�2000-2012年南昌市區(qū)TM/ETM遙感影像數(shù)據(jù),運(yùn)用景觀格局指數(shù)方法、景觀格局動(dòng)態(tài)分析方法,在ArcGIS、ERDAS、Fragstats等軟件的支持下,研究南昌市濕地景觀格局的變化特征及趨勢,得到以下結(jié)論:(1)通過對南昌市各種土地利用類型變化情況的分析可以得知,2000-2012年南昌市土地利用的結(jié)構(gòu)變化表現(xiàn)為城市建設(shè)用地大幅增加,耕地、濕地、林地面積減少。其中濕地類型在2000-2012年逐漸減少的趨勢中,灘地/沼澤和水庫坑塘減少最多。(2)研究范圍內(nèi)的7個(gè)行政單位中,變化面積最大的為南昌經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)開發(fā)區(qū),其次為青山湖區(qū)和高新技術(shù)開發(fā)區(qū);土地利用類型的主要轉(zhuǎn)變方式為耕地轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槌鞘薪ㄔO(shè)用地,其次為濕地轉(zhuǎn)為城市建設(shè)用地;變化最大的時(shí)間段為2003-2004年開發(fā)區(qū)迅速拓展時(shí)期。(3)濕地類型的景觀格局指數(shù)分析結(jié)果表明,河流、湖泊與其它濕地類型相比優(yōu)勢度最大,水庫坑塘及灘地/沼澤的復(fù)雜度和破碎度較高,且受其他斑塊類型影響較大,所以景觀異質(zhì)性較高的是水庫坑塘和灘地/沼澤,兩者受人類活動(dòng)影響最大。(4)2000-2012年間南昌市濕地景觀格局變化顯著,首先濕地景觀總面積逐年減少,共減少17.39km2;不同景觀類型的斑塊面積趨向于不均勻,景觀多樣性隨之降低;受人類活動(dòng)影響程度大小的影響,濕地景觀格局的異質(zhì)性程度先提高后緩慢下降。(5)根據(jù)南昌市2000、2004、2008、2012年4個(gè)時(shí)期的轉(zhuǎn)移矩陣數(shù)據(jù),南昌市濕地景觀類型中,總體上大部分由水庫坑塘和灘地/沼澤類型轉(zhuǎn)出,其中水庫坑塘類型是受外部影響最明顯的類型,灘地/沼澤轉(zhuǎn)為城市建設(shè)用地的過渡階段為草地與水田類型。針對南昌市景觀格局變化特征的分析結(jié)果,本文提出了促進(jìn)南昌市濕地資源合理開發(fā)與利用的建議:加強(qiáng)濕地資源的動(dòng)態(tài)監(jiān)測與數(shù)據(jù)的即時(shí)更新,進(jìn)行土地整治,優(yōu)化城市濕地景觀格局,并制定長期的城市濕地保護(hù)規(guī)劃。
[Abstract]:As a part of urban ecosystem, urban wetland system is not only the guarantee of the quality of human living environment, but also the production place to maintain the basic material of human life. It is also an important ecological infrastructure that constitutes and affects the urban spatial structure. Nanchang is the capital city of Jiangxi Province, located in Poyang Lake Plain and Ganjiang River region. Due to the rapid development of social economy, the scale and speed of wetland in Nanchang city is expanding, which changes the landscape pattern and ecological process of wetland ecosystem, thus affecting the exertion of its ecological function. The study of landscape pattern and its evolvement law of urban wetland in Nanchang City can provide reasonable suggestions for the rational utilization and protection of wetland resources, urban construction and planning and management. In this paper, the basic theory and method of wetland landscape ecology are used to study the present situation and change law of wetland landscape pattern in Nanchang city. Based on the TM/ETM remote sensing image data of Nanchang urban area from 2000 to 2012, using landscape pattern index method and landscape pattern dynamic analysis method, with the support of ArcGIS,ERDAS,Fragstats and other software, the change characteristics and trend of wetland landscape pattern in Nanchang city were studied. The conclusions are as follows: (1) through the analysis of the changes of various land use types in Nanchang City, it can be seen that the structural changes of land use in Nanchang City from 2000 to 2012 are characterized by a large increase in urban construction land, arable land and wetlands. The area of woodland decreased. Among them, the wetland type gradually decreased from 2000 to 2012, the beach / swamp and reservoir pit decreased the most. (2) among the 7 administrative units in the scope of study, Nanchang Economic and technological Development Zone had the biggest change area. Secondly, Qingshan Lake area and high-tech development zone; The main transformation of land use type is cultivated land to urban construction land, followed by wetland to urban construction land; (3) the results of landscape pattern index analysis of wetland type showed that the dominance of rivers and lakes was the greatest compared with other wetland types. The complexity and fragmentation of reservoir potholes and beach / swamp are high, and they are influenced by other patch types, so the reservoir pit and beach / swamp have higher landscape heterogeneity. (4) the wetland landscape pattern of Nanchang city changed significantly from 2000 to 2012. Firstly, the total wetland landscape area decreased year by year, which decreased by 17.39 km2; The patch area of different landscape types tended to be uneven, and the diversity of landscape decreased. Influenced by the influence of human activities, the heterogeneity of wetland landscape pattern increased first and then decreased slowly. (5) according to the data of transfer matrix of Nanchang city in 2004 / 2008 and 4 periods in 2012, the wetland landscape types in Nanchang city were analyzed. On the whole, most of them were transferred from reservoir pothole and beach / swamp type, among which the reservoir pothole type was the most obviously affected type, and the transition stage of beach / swamp to urban construction land was grassland and paddy field type. According to the analysis results of landscape pattern change in Nanchang city, this paper puts forward some suggestions to promote the rational development and utilization of wetland resources in Nanchang city: to strengthen dynamic monitoring of wetland resources and update the data immediately, and to carry out land regulation. Optimize the urban wetland landscape pattern, and formulate a long-term urban wetland protection plan.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P901

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本文編號(hào)：2416299