發(fā)布時間：2019-01-06 13:51

【摘要】：景觀是評價人地耦合系統(tǒng)、優(yōu)化人地關(guān)系最具操作性的尺度,研究景觀功能的空間分布特征和景觀服務(wù)的供給能力是實現(xiàn)景觀可持續(xù)性的重要前提。本文基于遙感數(shù)據(jù)及其GIS技術(shù),以錫林郭勒盟草原景觀作為研究對象,分析2000年和2010年錫林郭勒盟草原景觀的時空動態(tài)變化特征;應(yīng)用RUSLE和InVEST等模型對研究區(qū)的產(chǎn)草量、水源涵養(yǎng)量、土壤保持量和碳儲量四個景觀服務(wù)進行估算;采用R語言相關(guān)性分析和GIS加權(quán)求和相結(jié)合的方法,探討了四個景觀服務(wù)之間的權(quán)衡與協(xié)同關(guān)系,并最終對研究區(qū)進行空間權(quán)衡分析,劃分生態(tài)功能區(qū)。主要結(jié)論如下:(1)2000年和2010年錫林郭勒盟草原景觀時空動態(tài)變化中,耕地面積減少了 2.78%;林地面積變化不大;草地面積增加了 16.52%;水域面積減少了 43.37%。研究區(qū)除了水域面積變化較大外,其它景觀類型面積在整體上變化不大。(2)研究區(qū)草原景觀服務(wù)的空間分布特征和統(tǒng)計結(jié)果表明:2000-2010年研究區(qū)的產(chǎn)草量、水源涵養(yǎng)量、土壤保持量和碳儲量總體呈上升趨勢,分布特征具有明顯空間異質(zhì)性,各植被類型中草甸草原和典型草原對區(qū)域景觀服務(wù)的貢獻最大。(3)在研究區(qū)范圍內(nèi),4種草原景觀服務(wù)之間均呈現(xiàn)協(xié)同增益的關(guān)系。根據(jù)景觀服務(wù)熱點區(qū)的分布情況將研究區(qū)劃分為3類:①東部草原生態(tài)經(jīng)濟區(qū):東烏珠穆沁旗東部-西烏珠穆沁旗-錫林浩特市南部-正藍旗-多倫縣-太仆寺旗;②中部草原生態(tài)功能提升區(qū):東烏珠穆沁旗西部-錫林浩特市北部-阿巴嘎旗-正鑲白旗-鑲黃旗;③西部草原恢復(fù)保育限制發(fā)展區(qū):蘇尼特左旗-二連浩特-蘇尼特右旗。通過本文研究,可以為揭示各級景觀類型的空間分布規(guī)律和景觀過程特點,探討景觀功能與景觀服務(wù)之間的關(guān)系,認識錫林郭勒盟生態(tài)環(huán)境所面臨的生態(tài)環(huán)境問題及其對干擾的敏感性,從而為我國溫帶草原區(qū)域的環(huán)境管理和國土資源綜合整治提供科學(xué)依據(jù)和數(shù)據(jù)支持。
[Abstract]:Landscape is the most operable scale to evaluate the human-land coupling system, optimize the man-land relationship, study the spatial distribution characteristics of landscape function and the supply ability of landscape service is an important prerequisite to realize the sustainability of landscape. Based on the remote sensing data and its GIS technology, this paper analyzes the temporal and spatial dynamic characteristics of the grassland landscape in Xilingol League in 2000 and 2010. RUSLE and InVEST models were used to estimate the four landscape services of grass yield, water conservation, soil conservation and carbon storage in the study area. Using the method of R language correlation analysis and GIS weighted summation, this paper discusses the trade-offs and synergies among the four landscape services, and finally carries on spatial tradeoff analysis to the study area and divides the ecological function area. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) in the dynamic changes of grassland landscape in 2000 and 2010, the area of cultivated land decreased by 2.78; the area of forest land did not change much; the area of grassland increased by 16.52; and the area of water decreased by 43.37. Except the area of water area, the area of other landscape types has little change on the whole. (2) the spatial distribution characteristics and statistical results of grassland landscape service in the study area show that the grass yield and water conservation amount of the study area from 2000 to 2010, Soil conservation and carbon storage generally showed an upward trend, and the distribution characteristics showed obvious spatial heterogeneity. Meadow steppe and typical steppe contributed most to the regional landscape service among the vegetation types. (3) in the study area, the meadow steppe and the typical steppe contributed the most to the regional landscape service. The four grassland landscape services showed a synergistic gain relationship. According to the distribution of landscape service hot spots, the study area is divided into three categories: 1 the eastern grassland ecological economic zone: East Uzhimuqin Banner-West Uzhimuqin Banner-the southern part of Xilinhot City-Zhenglan Banner-Duolun County-Taibou Banner; (2) the central grassland ecological function promotion area: West of East Wuzhimuqin Banner-North of Xilinhaote City-Abaga Banner-Zhengxian White Banner-Xianhuang Banner; 3Western grassland Restoration and Conservation restriction Development area: Sunita left Banner-Erlianhaote-Sunita right Banner. Through the study of this paper, we can explore the relationship between landscape function and landscape service in order to reveal the spatial distribution law of landscape types and the characteristics of landscape process. In order to provide scientific basis and data support for environmental management and land and resources comprehensive management in temperate grassland region of China, it is necessary to understand the ecological environmental problems and their sensitivity to interference in the ecological environment of Xilinguole League.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P901

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