【摘要】：由于三角洲處于特殊的地理環(huán)境，加上近些年人類活動的加劇，其演變速度逐年加快，尤其是海岸帶附近的土地，變化更為劇烈。三角洲地區(qū)河流流路和海岸線的演變對三角洲的發(fā)育和土地利用景觀格局會產(chǎn)生深刻的影響�，F(xiàn)代黃河三角洲是我國最后一塊未完全開發(fā)的三角洲，并且在國際濕地研究中占有重要的地位。分析流路和海岸線的歷史變化過程，可以預(yù)測它們的演變趨勢，同時結(jié)合土地利用景觀格局數(shù)據(jù)，分析它們的演變過程對土地利用景觀格局的影響。從而促進對當前黃河三角洲的情況和合理利用三角洲資源的認識，而且對黃河口的治理及其保護措施的制定和黃河三角洲可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有重要意義。 本文以現(xiàn)代黃河三角洲地區(qū)的遙感影像為數(shù)據(jù)源，采用歸一化水體指數(shù)法和面向?qū)ο蠓诸惙椒ǚ謩e提取了現(xiàn)代黃河三角洲的河道、海岸線和土地利用景觀數(shù)據(jù)。探討了現(xiàn)代黃河三角洲演變對其土地利用景觀格局演變的影響，主要研究內(nèi)容如下： （1）黃河河道演變基本遵循“淤積→延伸→抬高→擺動→改道”的規(guī)律演變。1934~1953年，現(xiàn)代黃河三角洲河道處于自然演變狀態(tài)，1953年以后由于受到人工干預(yù)的影響，河道變得單一并且穩(wěn)定。1934~2014年，海岸線長度和陸地面積總體上呈增加的趨勢，海岸線長度和陸地面積分別增加了原來的一倍。 （2）1985~2014年，現(xiàn)代黃河三角洲的土地利用景觀發(fā)生了巨大變化。耕地、建設(shè)用地和水域呈增加趨勢，林地、草地和未利用地呈減少趨勢。從土地利用景觀類型水平上看，，水澆地、水庫坑塘、養(yǎng)殖場及鹽田和淺海灘涂等景觀呈現(xiàn)集聚的發(fā)展趨勢；旱地、農(nóng)村居民點、城鎮(zhèn)用地、采礦用地、林地、草地、河流、灘涂、鹽堿地、沼澤濕地和海洋等景觀呈現(xiàn)破碎化的發(fā)展態(tài)勢。從景觀水平上看，現(xiàn)代黃河三角洲土地利用景觀的斑塊數(shù)不斷增加，總體上呈現(xiàn)出破碎化趨勢發(fā)展，各斑塊景觀類型在景觀中呈現(xiàn)出均衡化分布趨勢。土地利用景觀格局的變化主要是由于受到自然過程和人類活動的綜合作用。 （3）河道對土地利用景觀格局的影響主要表現(xiàn)在以水澆地（旱地、農(nóng)村居民點、草地）—城鎮(zhèn)用地（水澆地、旱地、農(nóng)村居民點、草地）—養(yǎng)殖場及鹽田（荒草地、鹽堿地）—海洋的土地利用景觀對稱的分布在現(xiàn)行河道和黃河故道兩側(cè)；海岸線對土地利用景觀格局布局的影響主要是土地利用景觀類型以環(huán)狀的形式，以海洋—淺海灘涂—灘涂、養(yǎng)殖場及鹽田—荒草地—旱地—水澆地—城鎮(zhèn)用地—農(nóng)村居民點的土地利用類型向內(nèi)陸依次發(fā)生演替。
[Abstract]:Due to the special geographical environment and the aggravation of human activities in recent years, the delta evolves more rapidly, especially the land near the coastal zone. The evolution of river flow and coastline in delta area will have a profound influence on the development of delta and landscape pattern of land use. Modern Yellow River Delta is the last incomplete delta in China and plays an important role in international wetland research. By analyzing the historical change process of flow path and shoreline, we can predict their evolution trend and analyze the influence of their evolution process on land use landscape pattern combined with the data of land use landscape pattern. Therefore, it will promote the understanding of the current situation of the Yellow River Delta and the rational utilization of the delta resources. It is also of great significance to the regulation of the Yellow River estuary and the formulation of protection measures and the sustainable development of the Yellow River Delta. Based on the remote sensing images of the modern Yellow River Delta, this paper uses the normalized water body index method and the object oriented classification method to extract the river channel, coastline and land use landscape data of the modern Yellow River Delta, respectively. This paper discusses the influence of the evolution of the modern Yellow River Delta on the evolution of its land use landscape pattern. The main research contents are as follows: (1) the evolution of the Yellow River channel basically follows the law of "silting extension and raising the swinging and changing course". From 1934 to 1953, the main contents of this paper are as follows: The river channel in the Yellow River Delta is in the state of natural evolution. After 1953, due to the influence of artificial intervention, the river channel becomes single and stable. From 1934-2014, the length of coastline and the area of land generally show an increasing trend. The length of coastline and land area have doubled respectively. (2) from 1985 to 2014, the land use landscape of the modern Yellow River Delta has changed greatly. Cultivated land, construction land and water area showed an increasing trend, while woodland, grassland and unused land showed a decreasing trend. From the level of landscape type of land use, irrigated land, reservoir pit, aquiculture, salt field and shallow tidal flat, and so on, the development trend is concentrated, such as dryland, rural residential land, urban land, mining land, woodland, grassland, river, etc. Tidal flat, saline-alkali land, marsh wetland and marine landscape show a trend of fragmentation. From the landscape level, the number of patches of land use landscape in the modern Yellow River Delta is increasing, and the overall trend is fragmentation, and the landscape types of patches show a trend of equalization distribution in the landscape. The change of landscape pattern of land use is mainly due to the comprehensive action of natural process and human activities. (3) the influence of river on landscape pattern of land use is mainly manifested in irrigated land (dryland, rural residential area, etc.) Grassland)-urban land (irrigated land, dryland, rural residential land, grassland)-breeding farm and salt field (barren grassland, salinized land)-the land use landscape of the ocean is symmetrically distributed on both sides of the existing river and the old Yellow River; The influence of shoreline on the layout of land use landscape pattern is mainly in the form of annular pattern, and in the form of ocean-shallow tidal flat and tidal flat. The land use types of farming farm, salt field, barren grassland, dry land, irrigated land, urban land and rural residential land are succession to inland.
【學位授予單位】：山東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P901;P343.5

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