遼西金屬礦山廢棄地生態(tài)恢復(fù)與可持續(xù)技術(shù)研究
[Abstract]:With the rapid increase of human demand for mineral resources and the rapid development of mining economy, people began to develop and utilize mineral resources on a large scale, which resulted in the destruction of land and vegetation on a large scale. The cycle of matter and energy in the ecosystem has been changed, resulting in ecological damage and environmental pollution, such as the increase of desertification land area, the decrease of air quality and the degradation of ecological environment, which seriously affect the sustainability of social and economic development. The development of society is inseparable from metal mineral resources, so it is necessary to develop mineral resources rationally and protect ecological environment. However, in recent years, a large number of mining wasteland in western Liaoning has caused the increase of desertification area, the intensification of soil and water loss, and the degradation of ecological environment, which has affected the sustainable development of society and economy. Among them, there are 1299 metal minerals in Chaoyang City with an area of 7117.4 m ~ 2, accounting for 78.1% of the total mine area. It is urgent to solve the problem of mine abandoned land, and ecological restoration and landscape design is a magic weapon to solve this problem. Based on the ecological theory, according to the literature and field investigation, the characteristics of metal mine wasteland are analyzed scientifically, and the theory and technology of ecological restoration of metal mine wasteland at home and abroad are discussed. In view of the key problems existing in ecological treatment of abandoned land of metal mines in western Liaoning Province, the present situation of ecological environment, site type classification, matrix texture evaluation, selection of ecological control tree species, matrix improvement and management model were studied. The main achievements are as follows. According to the cause of formation of metal mine abandoned land in western Liaoning province, it can be divided into three types: abandoned stone field, excavated abandoned land and tailings abandoned land. The classification of these types provides the basis for the implementation of various treatment techniques. Three ecological management models of mining wasteland were put forward, such as ecological forest, economic forest and landscape reconstruction. Through the analysis of soil physical and chemical properties and harmful metal element content in metal mine wasteland in western Liaoning Province, the soil is a kind of soil, which can be used as farmland and orchard through treatment, and the soil quality does not cause harm to plants and environment. The local tree species were mainly Robinia pseudoacacia, Populus microphylla, Hippophae rhamnoides, Caragana korshinskii. The suitable tree species were North American thick plum, American plum, silver buffalo fruit and European plum. These species could be popularized and applied in the ecological treatment of mining wasteland in western Liaoning. Land preparation can effectively intercept natural precipitation and increase the ability of soil drought resistance and soil moisture conservation, the best way is horizontal land preparation. Ecological restoration of metal mine wasteland covers forest ecology, landscape and other specialties. On the basis of respecting nature, complying with nature and protecting nature, system engineering theory is used and scientific treatment is carried out to provide people with clean and comfortable. Beautiful outdoor space, thus realizing the harmonious development of man and nature.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:大連工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2015
【分類號(hào)】:X171.4
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