神農(nóng)架川金絲猴生境適宜性評價
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-05 06:36
【摘要】：生境喪失和破碎化是生物多樣性喪失的主要原因之一,破碎化的增加致使生境斑塊間連接喪失、斑塊的邊緣比例增加,同時還可增加棲息地斑塊中種群對干擾的敏感性,導致種群間基因交流困難、連接網(wǎng)絡中斷,種群只能存活于面積小且隔離的生境斑塊中,長期以往物種將面臨基因多樣性喪失和高滅絕的風險。川金絲猴是我國特有的珍稀瀕危物種,目前僅約25000只左右,是極其重要的種質(zhì)資源,保護和恢復這個珍稀物種,可為我國生物多樣性保護儲備種質(zhì)資源。本研究以研究區(qū)的植被圖、保護區(qū)巡護數(shù)據(jù)為基礎,以已有的研究成果為依據(jù),運用景觀生態(tài)學原理,借助Arcgis、Fragstats、Graphab等軟件,及相關(guān)計量方法,定量評價神農(nóng)架川金絲猴現(xiàn)有生境的景觀格局特征及人類活動對其分布的影響,以明確其適宜生境的空間分布特征與差異,并確定重點保護區(qū)域,以期為該珍惜瀕危物種的保護提供景觀管理的參考。主要從以下內(nèi)容進行：(1)人為干擾因素對神農(nóng)架川金絲猴影響分析。通過已有研究成果和金絲猴分布特點對道路、農(nóng)業(yè)用地干擾做出評價與分析,從而分析人為干擾因素對神農(nóng)架川金絲猴的影響。(2)神農(nóng)架景觀格局分析。通過將研究區(qū)植被斑塊按是否受農(nóng)業(yè)用地干擾影響劃分成不同斑塊,計算其斑塊類型水平的景觀指數(shù),量化分析研究區(qū)的景觀特征。(3)神農(nóng)架川金絲猴分布模型的建立。采用泊松回歸,建立植被類型、斑塊特征、農(nóng)業(yè)用地干擾特征與猴群分布頻數(shù)的關(guān)系。(4)神農(nóng)架川金絲猴生境適宜性評價。通過模型結(jié)果和道路干擾疊加分析,評價金絲猴生境適宜性等級,分析適宜類斑塊的連接度狀況。這類針對特殊種群提出合理景觀管理措施,可定量識別出應優(yōu)先恢復的斑塊,且利于確定生境廊道的位置,不僅為將來以川金絲猴為核心的生態(tài)恢復工程和廊道建設工程提供理論基礎,也為準確定位生態(tài)恢復區(qū)域提供工程依據(jù)。主要結(jié)論如下：(1)通過對人為干擾的組成與分布特征分析表明：神農(nóng)架自然保護區(qū)僅有55.9%的區(qū)域未受到道路干擾的影響,其已成為川金絲猴遷移的最主要障礙；農(nóng)業(yè)用地對猴群產(chǎn)生影響的閾值為2000m,在保護區(qū)內(nèi)未受到影響的面積占46.2%,農(nóng)業(yè)干擾集中分布于保護區(qū)四周,川金絲猴分布區(qū)受到的農(nóng)業(yè)干擾影響較道路干擾小。(2)建立斑塊尺度的包含植被類型、農(nóng)業(yè)用地干擾、景觀格局特征的綜合性神農(nóng)架川金絲猴分布模型,結(jié)果表明：植被類型、農(nóng)業(yè)用地干擾、景觀格局對川金絲猴分布有顯著影響。具體為川金絲猴偏好無農(nóng)業(yè)用地干擾影響的寒溫性針葉林、寒溫性針葉落葉闊葉混交林、溫性針葉落葉闊葉混交林,喜歡面積大、形狀簡單、利于利用不同類型生境的斑塊。(3)研究區(qū)各植被斑塊類型水平的景觀格局指數(shù)表明,神農(nóng)架川金絲猴常年生活的寒溫性針葉落葉闊葉混交林、溫性針葉落葉闊葉混交林雖然面積比例較大,但分布分散、連續(xù)性較低、破碎化程度高。(4)根據(jù)模型結(jié)果和道路干擾的疊加分析和連接度分析,得到研究區(qū)內(nèi)適宜、次適宜、不適宜面積分別占21.69%、33.13%、45.18%,適宜區(qū)域面積少、無論結(jié)構(gòu)連接度或功能連接度都較差,猴群遷移擴散困難。
[Abstract]:Habitat loss and fragmentation are one of the main causes of loss of biodiversity, the increase of fragmentation leads to the loss of inter-plaque connections, the edge ratio of plaques increases, and the susceptibility of populations to interference in habitat patches can be increased, leading to the difficulty of genetic communication among populations, When the connection network is interrupted, the population can only survive in small and isolated habitat patches, and long-term past species will be at risk of loss of genetic diversity and high extinction. Sichuan golden monkey is a rare and endangered species endemic to China. At present, only about 25,000 species are very important germplasm resources, protect and restore this rare species, and can protect reserve germplasm resources for biodiversity conservation in China. Based on the vegetation map of the study area and the protection data of the protected area, this study uses the theory of landscape ecology, with the help of software such as Arcgis, Fragstats, Graphab and related measurement methods. To quantitatively evaluate the characteristics of landscape pattern and the influence of human activities on the distribution of the existing habitats of Shennong Jianchuan Golden Monkey, so as to make clear the spatial distribution characteristics and differences of their suitable habitats, and to determine the distribution area, so as to provide the reference for the conservation of the endangered species. The main results are as follows: (1) the influence of human disturbance factor on the golden monkey of Shennong jia chuan county. Through the research results and the distribution characteristics of the golden monkey, the evaluation and analysis of the road and agricultural land disturbance were made, so as to analyze the influence of man-made interference factors on the Sichuan golden monkey. (2) Analysis of the landscape pattern of Shennong jia. By dividing the vegetation patches of the research area into different patches according to the influence of the disturbance of the agricultural land, the landscape index of the plaque type level is calculated, and the landscape features of the research area are quantized and analyzed. (3) Establishment of the distribution model of Sichuan golden monkey. The relationship between vegetation type, patch characteristics, disturbance characteristics of agricultural land and distribution frequency of monkeys was established by Poisson regression. (4) Suitability evaluation of the habitat suitability of Sichuan golden monkey. Through the analysis of model results and road interference, the suitability grade of the habitat suitability of the golden monkey was evaluated, and the connection degree of the suitable plaques was analyzed. This class puts forward reasonable landscape management measures for special species, can quantitatively identify the patches which should be preferentially restored, and is beneficial to determining the location of the habitat corridor, and not only provides a theoretical basis for the ecological restoration engineering and corridor construction project which is the core of the Sichuan golden monkey in the future, and also provides engineering basis for accurately positioning the ecological restoration area. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The analysis of the composition and distribution of human disturbance shows that only 50.9% of Shennong Nature Reserve is not affected by road disturbance, and it has become the main obstacle to the migration of Sichuan golden monkey. The threshold value of agricultural land on Monkey group is 2000m. There are 46. 2% of the area which is not affected in the protected area, and the agricultural interference is distributed around the protected area, and the influence of agricultural interference in the distribution area of Sichuan golden monkey is smaller than that of the road. (2) The distribution model of Sichuan golden monkey was established, including vegetation type, agricultural land disturbance and landscape pattern. The results showed that vegetation type, agricultural land disturbance and landscape pattern had significant influence on the distribution of Sichuan golden monkey. The invention relates to a cold-warm coniferous forest, a cold-temperature coniferous deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest and a deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest of coniferous and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest, which are particularly favorable for the preference of the Sichuan golden monkey, and has the advantages of large area and simple shape, and is beneficial to the use of patches of different types of habitats. (3) The landscape pattern index of each vegetation patch type in the study area shows that the deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest of coniferous and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest of Shennong Jianchuan Sichuan golden monkey has large area proportion, but the distribution is dispersed, the continuity is low, and the fragmentation degree is high. (4) According to the model result and the superposition analysis and connection degree analysis of road interference, it is suitable for the research area, and the unsuitable area accounts for 21. 69%, 33. 13%, 45. 18% respectively, the suitable area is small, whether the structure connection degree or the function connection degree is poor, the monkey group is difficult to diffuse.
【學位授予單位】：昆明理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：Q958
本文編號：2252382
[Abstract]:Habitat loss and fragmentation are one of the main causes of loss of biodiversity, the increase of fragmentation leads to the loss of inter-plaque connections, the edge ratio of plaques increases, and the susceptibility of populations to interference in habitat patches can be increased, leading to the difficulty of genetic communication among populations, When the connection network is interrupted, the population can only survive in small and isolated habitat patches, and long-term past species will be at risk of loss of genetic diversity and high extinction. Sichuan golden monkey is a rare and endangered species endemic to China. At present, only about 25,000 species are very important germplasm resources, protect and restore this rare species, and can protect reserve germplasm resources for biodiversity conservation in China. Based on the vegetation map of the study area and the protection data of the protected area, this study uses the theory of landscape ecology, with the help of software such as Arcgis, Fragstats, Graphab and related measurement methods. To quantitatively evaluate the characteristics of landscape pattern and the influence of human activities on the distribution of the existing habitats of Shennong Jianchuan Golden Monkey, so as to make clear the spatial distribution characteristics and differences of their suitable habitats, and to determine the distribution area, so as to provide the reference for the conservation of the endangered species. The main results are as follows: (1) the influence of human disturbance factor on the golden monkey of Shennong jia chuan county. Through the research results and the distribution characteristics of the golden monkey, the evaluation and analysis of the road and agricultural land disturbance were made, so as to analyze the influence of man-made interference factors on the Sichuan golden monkey. (2) Analysis of the landscape pattern of Shennong jia. By dividing the vegetation patches of the research area into different patches according to the influence of the disturbance of the agricultural land, the landscape index of the plaque type level is calculated, and the landscape features of the research area are quantized and analyzed. (3) Establishment of the distribution model of Sichuan golden monkey. The relationship between vegetation type, patch characteristics, disturbance characteristics of agricultural land and distribution frequency of monkeys was established by Poisson regression. (4) Suitability evaluation of the habitat suitability of Sichuan golden monkey. Through the analysis of model results and road interference, the suitability grade of the habitat suitability of the golden monkey was evaluated, and the connection degree of the suitable plaques was analyzed. This class puts forward reasonable landscape management measures for special species, can quantitatively identify the patches which should be preferentially restored, and is beneficial to determining the location of the habitat corridor, and not only provides a theoretical basis for the ecological restoration engineering and corridor construction project which is the core of the Sichuan golden monkey in the future, and also provides engineering basis for accurately positioning the ecological restoration area. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The analysis of the composition and distribution of human disturbance shows that only 50.9% of Shennong Nature Reserve is not affected by road disturbance, and it has become the main obstacle to the migration of Sichuan golden monkey. The threshold value of agricultural land on Monkey group is 2000m. There are 46. 2% of the area which is not affected in the protected area, and the agricultural interference is distributed around the protected area, and the influence of agricultural interference in the distribution area of Sichuan golden monkey is smaller than that of the road. (2) The distribution model of Sichuan golden monkey was established, including vegetation type, agricultural land disturbance and landscape pattern. The results showed that vegetation type, agricultural land disturbance and landscape pattern had significant influence on the distribution of Sichuan golden monkey. The invention relates to a cold-warm coniferous forest, a cold-temperature coniferous deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest and a deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest of coniferous and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest, which are particularly favorable for the preference of the Sichuan golden monkey, and has the advantages of large area and simple shape, and is beneficial to the use of patches of different types of habitats. (3) The landscape pattern index of each vegetation patch type in the study area shows that the deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest of coniferous and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest of Shennong Jianchuan Sichuan golden monkey has large area proportion, but the distribution is dispersed, the continuity is low, and the fragmentation degree is high. (4) According to the model result and the superposition analysis and connection degree analysis of road interference, it is suitable for the research area, and the unsuitable area accounts for 21. 69%, 33. 13%, 45. 18% respectively, the suitable area is small, whether the structure connection degree or the function connection degree is poor, the monkey group is difficult to diffuse.
【學位授予單位】：昆明理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：Q958
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，本文編號：2252382
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