【摘要】：“湟中銀銅器制作及鎏金工藝”是國(guó)家級(jí)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn),它孕育于青海藏傳佛教圣地塔爾寺旁,經(jīng)過(guò)明清以來(lái)數(shù)百年的發(fā)展,成為了湟中當(dāng)?shù)刈罹咛厣妥顬榕d旺發(fā)達(dá)的手工藝行業(yè)。這里的傳統(tǒng)金屬工藝囊括了銀銅器鍛造、鑄造等成型工藝及鎏金等表面處理工藝。銀銅器鍛造工藝則是其中使用最多、發(fā)展最好、傳承最廣的重要部分。本文結(jié)合文獻(xiàn)分析法和田野考察法,對(duì)“湟中銀銅器制作及鎏金工藝”當(dāng)中銀銅器鍛造工藝部分,就其歷史發(fā)展、工匠群體、產(chǎn)品類(lèi)別、工具技法、藝術(shù)風(fēng)貌等方面進(jìn)行全面深入的系統(tǒng)研究。湟中銀銅器鍛造工藝因其復(fù)雜性和特殊性,使其成為湟中多民族多宗教文化的一個(gè)重要縮影和典型代表。由漢族工匠鍛造富有藏族與藏傳佛教特色的銀銅器物,是湟中銀銅器鍛造工藝最主要的特征,這是在全國(guó)其他地方都沒(méi)有的一道獨(dú)一無(wú)二的工藝人文風(fēng)景。本文首先根據(jù)文獻(xiàn)從歷史的角度探析湟中銀銅器鍛造工藝的孕育的環(huán)境、技藝來(lái)源和不同時(shí)期的發(fā)展概況。將其放置于特定的時(shí)間和空間語(yǔ)境中理解,以期更好的梳理它和當(dāng)?shù)刈诮�、民族、�?jīng)濟(jì)、文化之間的文脈關(guān)系。論文的主要內(nèi)容為2013年5月份對(duì)湟中銀銅器鍛造工藝實(shí)地考察成果的呈現(xiàn)。作為這一非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)“活”的載體,湟中工匠的民族成分、遷徙歷史、傳承關(guān)系、年齡層次、宗教信仰、素質(zhì)水平都與湟中鍛造銀銅器的整體風(fēng)貌切切相關(guān)。筆者依據(jù)受訪工匠的提供的信息,試著從生產(chǎn)者的角度分析工匠群體特征對(duì)于這門(mén)傳統(tǒng)金屬工藝產(chǎn)生哪些作用和影響,由點(diǎn)到面的認(rèn)識(shí)和思考湟中地區(qū)的民族關(guān)系和宗教關(guān)系。對(duì)于湟中常見(jiàn)和代表性鍛造銀銅器物、以及銀銅器制作的工藝技法、工具材料的介紹,也是本文的核心部分。筆者通過(guò)類(lèi)比湟中與西藏、云南等地金屬工藝,生動(dòng)詳實(shí)的反映湟中鍛造工藝的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀和歷史特點(diǎn),總結(jié)其工藝和藝術(shù)特征。最后,筆者對(duì)湟中銀銅器鍛造工藝將面臨的機(jī)遇與考驗(yàn)提出了自己的一些見(jiàn)解,希望對(duì)這一傳統(tǒng)金屬工藝在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的傳承與發(fā)揚(yáng)有所裨益。
[Abstract]:As a national intangible cultural heritage, Huangzhong Silver Bronze making and Gold Gilt is a national intangible cultural heritage. It was conceived next to the Tibetan Buddhist shrine in Qinghai, and has been developed for hundreds of years since the Ming and Qing dynasties. Huangzhong has become the most characteristic and the most prosperous handicraft industry. The traditional metal processes include silver copper forging, casting and gold plating. Silver copper forging process is the most used, the best development, the most extensive inheritance of the important part. Based on the literature analysis and field investigation, this paper deals with the historical development, craftsman group, product category, tool technique of "silver bronze ware making and gold-gilding process" in Huangzhong, as well as the forging process of silver bronze ware in Huangzhong. The artistic style and features and so on carry on the comprehensive and thorough systematic research. Because of its complexity and particularity, the silver-bronze forging technology in Huangzhong has become an important epitome and a typical representative of the multi-ethnic and multi-religious culture in Huangzhong. Forging silver-copper objects with Tibetan and Tibetan Buddhist characteristics by Han craftsmen is the most important feature of the silver-copper forging process in Huangzhong, which is a unique craft and humanistic landscape not found in other parts of the country. In this paper, we first analyze the breeding environment, technical origin and development situation of silver and copper forging technology in Huangzhong from the historical point of view. Put it in a specific time and space context to understand, in order to better comb it and the local religion, nationality, economy, culture between the context. The main content of this paper is to present the field investigation results of silver and copper forging process in Huangzhong in May 2013. As the carrier of this intangible cultural heritage, the ethnic composition, migration history, inheritance relationship, age level, religious belief and quality level of craftsmen in Huangzhong are all closely related to the overall style and features of silver and bronze ware forged in Huangzhong. Based on the information provided by the artisans interviewed, the author tries to analyze the effects and effects of the artisans' group characteristics on this traditional metal craft from the perspective of the producers, and to think about the ethnic and religious relations in Huangzhong area from point to plane. It is also the core part of this paper to introduce the common and representative forged silver-copper utensils in Huangzhong, as well as the technique of making silver-copper ware and the material of tools. By analogy with the metal craftwork in Huangzhong, Tibet and Yunnan, the author vividly reflects the present situation and historical characteristics of the forging process in Huangzhong, and summarizes its technological and artistic features. Finally, the author puts forward some opinions on the opportunities and tests that the silver and copper forging technology will face in Huangzhong, hoping to benefit the inheritance and development of this traditional metal craft in modern society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：清華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：J526.1

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