【摘要】：遺傳多樣性作為生物多樣性的重要組成部分,是生物進(jìn)化和發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)。設(shè)立自然保護(hù)區(qū)一直以來(lái)被認(rèn)為是保護(hù)遺傳多樣性最有效的方式之一。然而,在實(shí)際的自然保護(hù)區(qū)規(guī)劃和建設(shè)過(guò)程中,往往很少兼顧到物種的遺傳多樣性,尤其是多物種條件下的考慮。分子生物學(xué)技術(shù)和地理信息技術(shù)的發(fā)展使得檢測(cè)和整合多個(gè)物種遺傳多樣性信息成為可能。通過(guò)這種方法,鑒定出不同物種共同的進(jìn)化熱點(diǎn)(遺傳多樣性高或遺傳分化強(qiáng)烈的地區(qū)),從而在區(qū)域?qū)用孢M(jìn)行保護(hù),為自然保護(hù)區(qū)規(guī)劃和建設(shè)提供了新的思路。江西作為一個(gè)較為獨(dú)立的地理單元,森林資源豐富,是我國(guó)重要的生物多樣性熱點(diǎn)之一。然而,江西有哪些進(jìn)化熱點(diǎn),這些進(jìn)化熱點(diǎn)有沒(méi)有受到合理保護(hù),這些科學(xué)問(wèn)題并未得到足夠重視。本研究選取江西具代表性的三種森林樹(shù)種,其中鉤栲,38居群476個(gè)體;青錢(qián)柳,26居群283個(gè)體;南方紅豆杉,36居群445個(gè)體。以江西這一相對(duì)獨(dú)立的地理單元(鄱陽(yáng)湖流域)為研究對(duì)象,每個(gè)物種通過(guò)開(kāi)發(fā)與篩選出的八對(duì)微衛(wèi)星引物對(duì)各自的所有個(gè)體進(jìn)行遺傳多樣性檢測(cè)。研究結(jié)果表明三個(gè)種均具有較高的遺傳多樣性(鉤栲,A=9.25,Ne=3.41,HE=0.665;青錢(qián)柳,A=10.38,Ne=2.95,HE=0.554;南方紅豆杉,A=9.75,Ne=2.66,HE=0.522),且青錢(qián)柳(FST=0.196)相較于其它兩個(gè)種(鉤栲,FST=0.099;南方紅豆杉,FST=0.158)具更高的遺傳分化。分析結(jié)果表明江西北部(廬山、九嶺山)、西部(羅霄山脈)、西南部(大庾嶺)及部分中部地區(qū)占據(jù)較高水平的遺傳多樣性;同時(shí)分布在南部大庾嶺、南嶺及小部分北部(廬山)區(qū)域表現(xiàn)出較高的遺傳分化。此外,在此基礎(chǔ)上借助先進(jìn)的地理信息技術(shù)繪制江西出八張遺傳景觀圖;并通過(guò)比較整合三個(gè)物種的遺傳數(shù)據(jù)(遺傳多樣性和遺傳分化),從而鑒定出七個(gè)江西森林植物區(qū)遺傳分化或遺傳多樣性較高的地區(qū)(統(tǒng)稱(chēng)進(jìn)化熱點(diǎn)地區(qū))。本研究結(jié)果可為江西自然保護(hù)區(qū)規(guī)劃和發(fā)展提供直接的理論指導(dǎo),并對(duì)我國(guó)遺傳多樣性保護(hù)起到積極推動(dòng)作用。
[Abstract]:As an important part of biodiversity, genetic diversity is the basis of biological evolution and development. The establishment of nature reserves has long been regarded as one of the most effective ways to protect genetic diversity. However, in the actual planning and construction of nature reserves, the genetic diversity of species is seldom taken into account, especially under the condition of multi-species. With the development of molecular biology and geographic information technology, it is possible to detect and integrate genetic diversity information of many species. Through this method, the common evolutionary hotspots of different species (areas with high genetic diversity or strong genetic differentiation) are identified, which can be protected at the regional level and provide a new way of thinking for the planning and construction of nature reserves. As an independent geographical unit, Jiangxi is rich in forest resources and is one of the most important biodiversity hotspots in China. However, whether or not the evolution hotspots in Jiangxi are protected reasonably has not been paid enough attention to. In this study, three representative forest tree species in Jiangxi Province were selected, including 476 individuals in 38 populations of Castanopsis kawakamii, 283 individuals in 26 populations of Cynanchum chinensis and 445 individuals in 36 populations of Taxus chinensis. Taking Jiangxi, a relatively independent geographical unit (Poyang Lake Basin), as the research object, each species was tested for genetic diversity of all individuals by the development and screening of eight pairs of microsatellite primers. The results showed that all the three species had higher genetic diversity (A9.25Nei 3.41Hedong 0.665; Cyclocephala 10.38Negna 2.95HE0.554; Taxotaxus chinensis A9.75NE2.66HE0.522), and the FST=0.196 had higher genetic differentiation than the other two species (FST-0.099and FST0.158). The genetic diversity of the three species was higher than that of the other two species (C. kawakamii, FST-0.099; FST0.158), and the genetic diversity of the three species was higher than that of the other two species (FST-0.099; FST-0.158), and the genetic diversity of the three species was higher than that of the other two species (FST-0.099; FST0.158). The results show that the genetic diversity in northern Jiangxi (Lushan, Jiuling Mountain), western Jiangxi (Luoxiao Mountains), Southwest China (Dayu Ridge) and some central regions is relatively high, and it is also distributed in the south of Dayu Ridge. Nanling and a small part of the northern (Lushan) region showed high genetic differentiation. In addition, based on the advanced geographic information technology, eight genetic landscape maps were drawn from Jiangxi. By comparing and integrating the genetic data of three species (genetic diversity and genetic differentiation), seven regions with high genetic diversity or genetic differentiation in Jiangxi forest plant region were identified. The results of this study can provide direct theoretical guidance for the planning and development of Jiangxi Nature Reserve and play an active role in promoting the conservation of genetic diversity in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S718.3

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