河流系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)與功能耦合修復(fù)研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-01 10:29
【摘要】：河流是自然環(huán)境的重要組成部分,有著獨特的系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)與功能。隨著社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展,水資源的不恰當(dāng)開發(fā)利用導(dǎo)致了諸如水體污染、環(huán)境退化和萎縮等一系列河流系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)變化和功能退化問題。如何恢復(fù)受損河流系統(tǒng)已成為重要的環(huán)境問題之一,也是改善河流生態(tài)環(huán)境、實現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)生態(tài)平衡和達(dá)到可持續(xù)發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵。 針對河流生態(tài)修復(fù)過程中遇到的問題,本文以修復(fù)河流系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)與功能為出發(fā)點,分析研究河流生態(tài)恢復(fù)方法和技術(shù)。以遼寧省西北半干旱區(qū)的大凌河一級支流涼水河為研究對象,詳細(xì)介紹河流系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)與功能耦合修復(fù)方法,包括涼水河結(jié)構(gòu)與功能評價,河流退化原因分析,流域污染負(fù)荷識別,水環(huán)境容量計算,復(fù)合型濕地系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃設(shè)計以及修復(fù)后期效果評估。并探討適宜于北方中小河流特殊的水生態(tài)特征的治理模式,以遼寧省幾段中小河流水生態(tài)治理修復(fù)工程為案例,提出一些適宜性的生態(tài)修復(fù)的技術(shù),以期為具有相似結(jié)構(gòu)與功能特點的北方中小河流提供借鑒。 主要研究內(nèi)容及結(jié)論如下： (1)河流生態(tài)治理修復(fù)方法研究 由河流生態(tài)治理修復(fù)的相關(guān)概念和內(nèi)涵入手,從研究對象、研究方法和技術(shù)措施三個方面研究分析河流生態(tài)治理修復(fù)的技術(shù)體系,結(jié)合已有的理論成果和成功經(jīng)驗,對國內(nèi)外研究進(jìn)展進(jìn)行總結(jié),同時,探討河流生態(tài)治理修復(fù)中存在的問題及發(fā)展趨勢。在闡述河流系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)與功能的基礎(chǔ)上,分析影響河流系統(tǒng)退化的主要因素,將河流系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)與功能進(jìn)行綜合考慮,提出河流系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)與功能耦合修復(fù)的方法,為河流水生態(tài)治理修復(fù)提供理論參考。 (2)河流系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)與功能雙準(zhǔn)則定量綜合評價 為有效解決河流不合理開發(fā)利用所引起的生態(tài)環(huán)境脅迫問題,重建和恢復(fù)河流系統(tǒng)合理的結(jié)構(gòu)和良好的功能,首先需要對河流系統(tǒng)基本結(jié)構(gòu)與功能的缺損狀態(tài)進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確診斷與評定。將象限法與集對分析法耦合,建立河流系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)與功能的雙準(zhǔn)則邏輯定量評價模型。以遼西北半干旱區(qū)的涼水河為例,進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)評估。結(jié)果表明,涼水河的結(jié)構(gòu)與功能修復(fù)前的評價值分別為μs=-0.513和μF=-0.208,體現(xiàn)為結(jié)構(gòu)缺損、功能屬于中等水平,需要在修復(fù)河流系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)上適宜發(fā)展。而后對涼水河修復(fù)后結(jié)構(gòu)與功能進(jìn)行雙準(zhǔn)則邏輯定量評價,修復(fù)后結(jié)果為μS=0.005和μF=0.036。涼水河的結(jié)構(gòu)得到修復(fù),從缺損狀態(tài)達(dá)到中等水平,同時功能也有部分提升。 (3)涼水河生態(tài)治理修復(fù)規(guī)劃與設(shè)計 根據(jù)涼水河系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)與功能前期評價結(jié)果與分析,確定涼水河結(jié)構(gòu)與功能修復(fù)目標(biāo)和任務(wù)。針對涼水河流域區(qū)段特點,提出多種自然河流濕地+水平潛流人工濕地的復(fù)合型濕地修復(fù)系統(tǒng)工程建設(shè)方案,輔以一些非工程措施,綜合治理點面源污染,改善生態(tài)環(huán)境。河流水生態(tài)修復(fù)工程實施后,河道水質(zhì)大大改善,形成了優(yōu)美的生態(tài)環(huán)境和景觀綠化效果,為人們提供一個水清、景美的親水休閑場所。涼水河濕地經(jīng)生態(tài)修復(fù)治理后所增加的綜合效益約為516.79萬元/年。 (4)北方中小河流水生態(tài)治理修復(fù)技術(shù)體系 分析北方中小河流獨特的氣候、水資源與環(huán)境以及社會經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)等特點,探討基于結(jié)構(gòu)功能分區(qū)的北方中小河流生態(tài)修復(fù)方法。在此基礎(chǔ)上,以遼寧省半干旱區(qū)的幾條中小河流為例,針對各自不同的結(jié)構(gòu)與功能特點,設(shè)計了適宜性的生態(tài)修復(fù)的技術(shù)及方法,包括懸浮物降速促沉技術(shù),河道截潛抬水濕生條件改善技術(shù)以及分區(qū)水位控制河口濕地修建技術(shù)。
[Abstract]:Rivers are an important part of the natural environment and have a unique system structure and function. With the rapid development of social economy, improper exploitation and utilization of water resources have led to a series of structural changes and functional degradation of river systems, such as water pollution, environmental degradation and shrinkage. One of the important environmental problems is to improve the river ecological environment, to achieve the ecological balance of the system and to achieve sustainable development.
In view of the problems encountered in the process of river ecological restoration, this paper takes the restoration of river system structure and function as the starting point, analyzes and studies the methods and techniques of river ecological restoration. River structure and function evaluation, River degradation cause analysis, basin pollution load identification, water environment capacity calculation, composite wetland system planning and design, and the evaluation of the effect of the later stage of restoration. In the case study, some suitable ecological restoration techniques are proposed to provide reference for small and medium-sized rivers in the north with similar structure and function characteristics.
The main research contents and conclusions are as follows:
(1) research on river ecological rehabilitation methods
Starting with the related concepts and connotations of river ecological management and restoration, this paper studies and analyzes the technical system of river ecological management and restoration from three aspects of research object, research method and technical measures. Combining with the existing theoretical achievements and successful experience, this paper summarizes the research progress at home and abroad, and probes into the problems existing in river ecological management and restoration. On the basis of expounding the structure and function of river system, this paper analyzes the main factors affecting the degradation of river system, considers the structure and function of river system comprehensively, and puts forward the method of coupling restoration of river system structure and function, which provides theoretical reference for river ecological control and restoration.
(2) quantitative and comprehensive evaluation of river system structure and function by two criteria
In order to effectively solve the problem of ecological environment stress caused by unreasonable development and utilization of rivers and reconstruct and restore the reasonable structure and good function of river system, it is necessary to diagnose and evaluate the defective state of basic structure and function of river system. Taking Liangshui River in the semi-arid area of Northwest Liaoning Province as an example, the results show that the evaluation values of the structure and function of Liangshui River before restoration are respectively mu s=-0.513 and mu F=-0.208, which are reflected as structural defects and function is of medium level. It is necessary to develop the Liangshui River on the basis of the restoration of the structure of the river system. Then, the structure and function of Liangshui River after restoration were quantitatively evaluated by double criteria logic. The results showed that the structure of Liangshui River was restored, and the defect state was moderate, and the function of Liangshui River was partly improved.
(3) planning and design of ecological rehabilitation and rehabilitation of the Liang Shui River
According to the preliminary evaluation results and analysis of Liangshui River system structure and function, the objectives and tasks of Liangshui River structure and function restoration are determined. According to the characteristics of Liangshui River, the construction schemes of a composite wetland restoration system with multiple natural river wetlands and horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands are put forward, supplemented by some non-engineering measures and comprehensive control points. After the implementation of the river ecological restoration project, the river water quality has been greatly improved, resulting in a beautiful ecological environment and landscape greening effect, providing people with a clean water, beautiful scenery and hydrophilic leisure place.
(4) technical system for ecological restoration and rehabilitation of middle and small rivers in North China
Based on the analysis of the unique climate, water resources, environment and socio-economic structure of the small and medium-sized rivers in the north, the ecological restoration methods of the small and medium-sized rivers in the North based on the structural and functional zoning are discussed. The technology and method of state restoration include the technology of suspended solids decelerating and accelerating subsidence, the technology of improving wet condition of river course interception and submergence lifting, and the technology of constructing estuarine wetland controlled by water level in different districts.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X171.4;X52
本文編號：2216918
[Abstract]:Rivers are an important part of the natural environment and have a unique system structure and function. With the rapid development of social economy, improper exploitation and utilization of water resources have led to a series of structural changes and functional degradation of river systems, such as water pollution, environmental degradation and shrinkage. One of the important environmental problems is to improve the river ecological environment, to achieve the ecological balance of the system and to achieve sustainable development.
In view of the problems encountered in the process of river ecological restoration, this paper takes the restoration of river system structure and function as the starting point, analyzes and studies the methods and techniques of river ecological restoration. River structure and function evaluation, River degradation cause analysis, basin pollution load identification, water environment capacity calculation, composite wetland system planning and design, and the evaluation of the effect of the later stage of restoration. In the case study, some suitable ecological restoration techniques are proposed to provide reference for small and medium-sized rivers in the north with similar structure and function characteristics.
The main research contents and conclusions are as follows:
(1) research on river ecological rehabilitation methods
Starting with the related concepts and connotations of river ecological management and restoration, this paper studies and analyzes the technical system of river ecological management and restoration from three aspects of research object, research method and technical measures. Combining with the existing theoretical achievements and successful experience, this paper summarizes the research progress at home and abroad, and probes into the problems existing in river ecological management and restoration. On the basis of expounding the structure and function of river system, this paper analyzes the main factors affecting the degradation of river system, considers the structure and function of river system comprehensively, and puts forward the method of coupling restoration of river system structure and function, which provides theoretical reference for river ecological control and restoration.
(2) quantitative and comprehensive evaluation of river system structure and function by two criteria
In order to effectively solve the problem of ecological environment stress caused by unreasonable development and utilization of rivers and reconstruct and restore the reasonable structure and good function of river system, it is necessary to diagnose and evaluate the defective state of basic structure and function of river system. Taking Liangshui River in the semi-arid area of Northwest Liaoning Province as an example, the results show that the evaluation values of the structure and function of Liangshui River before restoration are respectively mu s=-0.513 and mu F=-0.208, which are reflected as structural defects and function is of medium level. It is necessary to develop the Liangshui River on the basis of the restoration of the structure of the river system. Then, the structure and function of Liangshui River after restoration were quantitatively evaluated by double criteria logic. The results showed that the structure of Liangshui River was restored, and the defect state was moderate, and the function of Liangshui River was partly improved.
(3) planning and design of ecological rehabilitation and rehabilitation of the Liang Shui River
According to the preliminary evaluation results and analysis of Liangshui River system structure and function, the objectives and tasks of Liangshui River structure and function restoration are determined. According to the characteristics of Liangshui River, the construction schemes of a composite wetland restoration system with multiple natural river wetlands and horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands are put forward, supplemented by some non-engineering measures and comprehensive control points. After the implementation of the river ecological restoration project, the river water quality has been greatly improved, resulting in a beautiful ecological environment and landscape greening effect, providing people with a clean water, beautiful scenery and hydrophilic leisure place.
(4) technical system for ecological restoration and rehabilitation of middle and small rivers in North China
Based on the analysis of the unique climate, water resources, environment and socio-economic structure of the small and medium-sized rivers in the north, the ecological restoration methods of the small and medium-sized rivers in the North based on the structural and functional zoning are discussed. The technology and method of state restoration include the technology of suspended solids decelerating and accelerating subsidence, the technology of improving wet condition of river course interception and submergence lifting, and the technology of constructing estuarine wetland controlled by water level in different districts.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X171.4;X52
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