【摘要】：生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱性是區(qū)域環(huán)境變化與可持續(xù)發(fā)展研究的熱點問題之一,生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱性的研究早已得到了全球的廣泛關(guān)注。五指山市位于海南島中南部,作為海南生態(tài)環(huán)境保護核心區(qū),在國際旅游島的發(fā)展趨勢之下,五指山市大力發(fā)展旅游建設(shè),快速增長GDP的同時卻忽略了生態(tài)環(huán)境的保護,開山毀林、亂砍亂伐各種亂象頻現(xiàn),人類的活動強度大大增加,活動范圍的不斷擴張,使五指山市的生態(tài)環(huán)境遭受到空前的壓力。因此開展五指山市的生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱性評價研究,對五指山市的生態(tài)環(huán)境保護與發(fā)展具有重要的指導(dǎo)意義和參考價值,并且有利于五指山市及時對生態(tài)環(huán)境的變化做出響應(yīng)。本文研究基于森林景觀格局——生態(tài)敏感性綜合評價模型,構(gòu)建海南省五指山市生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱性評價體系,運用空間主成分分析以及主成分分析對研究區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱性進行綜合評價研究。通過分析研究區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱性主要影響因素,運用空間差值得出研究區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱性空間分布圖,最終根據(jù)綜合評價結(jié)果,結(jié)合SPSS徑向基函數(shù)神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型對研究區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱性發(fā)展趨勢進行預(yù)測。通過研究分析,得出以下結(jié)論：(1)本研究基于森林景觀格局——生態(tài)敏感性綜合評價模型框架,結(jié)合五指山市的實際情況,選取3個生態(tài)敏感性指標(biāo)和6個森林景觀格局指標(biāo),構(gòu)建五指山市生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱性綜合評價體系。(2)生態(tài)敏感性選取了海拔、坡度和土地利用類型3個影響因子,運用空間主成分分析方法計算生態(tài)敏感性指數(shù)。影響因子權(quán)重由大到小排序為坡度土地利用類型海拔。研究區(qū)生態(tài)敏感性由大到小的按順序排列,按年份排序為2011年2003年1998年2007年,按生態(tài)敏感性程度面積排序為輕度中度重度極度微度。(3)森林景觀格局選取了景觀分離度、景觀分維數(shù)、斑塊密度、景觀聚合度、景觀連接度指數(shù)和斑塊內(nèi)聚力指數(shù)6個影響因子,結(jié)合生態(tài)敏感性指數(shù),運用主成分分析方法計算生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱性指數(shù)。影響因子權(quán)重由大到小排序為斑塊內(nèi)聚力指數(shù)、景觀聚合度景觀分離度、生態(tài)敏感性、景觀連接度指數(shù)斑塊密度、景觀分維數(shù)。研究區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱性指數(shù)由大到小的按順序排列,按年份排序為2011年1998年2007年2003年,按森林景觀類型排序為竹林灌木林針葉林非林地闊葉林。(4)根據(jù)空間差值分析,得出五指山市生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱性空間分布,總體來說生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱性程度高的區(qū)域主要集中在五指山市的東南地區(qū),生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱性程度低的區(qū)域主要集中在五指山市的西北部地區(qū)。(5)采用二元多項式對各單指標(biāo)進行回歸分析,確立單指標(biāo)預(yù)測模型。根據(jù)單指標(biāo)預(yù)測模型擴充樣本數(shù)據(jù),運用徑向基函數(shù)神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)進行五指山市生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱性預(yù)測。通過預(yù)測得出五指山市生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱性發(fā)展趨勢為從1998年的0.2972中度脆弱降低至2003年的0.2617微度脆弱再增長至2014年的0.3978極度脆弱最終到2020年維持在0.3983極度脆弱水平。(6)針對五指山市生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱性研究結(jié)果,提出了加強生態(tài)環(huán)境保護意識；科學(xué)規(guī)劃現(xiàn)代城鎮(zhèn)化建設(shè),打造生態(tài)旅游城市；合理的開發(fā)、利用和保護自然資源；加強對生態(tài)環(huán)境保護的管理,控制生態(tài)環(huán)境的污染這四條生態(tài)環(huán)境保護和發(fā)展對策。
[Abstract]:Eco-environmental vulnerability is one of the hot issues in the study of regional environmental change and sustainable development, and the study of eco-environmental vulnerability has already received worldwide attention. Wuzhishan City is located in the south-central part of Hainan Island. As the core area of eco-environmental protection in Hainan, Wuzhishan City vigorously develops tourism under the development trend of international tourism island. The construction of tourism and the rapid growth of GDP have neglected the protection of ecological environment, opened mountains and deforested forests, and cut down various disorderly phenomena frequently. The intensity of human activities has greatly increased, and the scope of activities has been expanding. As a result, the ecological environment of Wuzhishan City has been under unprecedented pressure. Eco-environmental protection and development of mountain city have important guiding significance and reference value, and it is helpful for Wuzhishan city to respond to the changes of eco-environment in time.Based on the comprehensive evaluation model of forest landscape pattern-ecological sensitivity, this paper constructs the evaluation system of eco-environmental vulnerability of Wuzhishan city in Hainan province and uses space. Principal Component Analysis and Principal Component Analysis are used to evaluate the ecological environment vulnerability of the study area. By analyzing the main influencing factors of the ecological environment vulnerability in the study area, the spatial distribution map of the ecological environment vulnerability in the study area is obtained by using spatial difference. Finally, according to the comprehensive evaluation results, the SPSS radial basis function neural network model is combined with the model. The development trend of eco-environmental vulnerability in the study area was forecasted. The following conclusions were drawn through research and analysis: (1) Based on the framework of forest landscape pattern-ecological sensitivity comprehensive evaluation model, and combined with the actual situation of Wuzhishan city, three eco-sensitivity indexes and six forest landscape pattern indexes were selected to construct Wuzhishan city. (2) Elevation, slope and land use types were selected as the three influencing factors of ecological sensitivity, and the spatial principal component analysis was used to calculate the ecological sensitivity index. (3) Six influencing factors were selected for forest landscape pattern, including landscape separation, landscape fractal dimension, patch density, landscape aggregation, landscape connectivity index and patch cohesion index. The fragility index of ecological environment in the study area was calculated by principal component analysis. According to the spatial difference analysis, the spatial distribution of ecological environment vulnerability in Wuzhishan city was obtained. Generally speaking, the areas with high degree of ecological environment vulnerability were mainly concentrated in southeast of Wuzhishan city. The regions with low vulnerability are mainly located in the northwest of Wuzhishan City. (5) Regression analysis of each single index is used to establish a single index prediction model. The development trend of ecological environment vulnerability in Wuzhishan City is from 0.2972 in 1998 to 0.2617 in 2003, then to 0.3978 in 2014, and finally to 0.3983 in 2020. (6) According to the research results of ecological environment vulnerability in Wuzhishan City, it is proposed to strengthen ecological environment protection. Consciousness; Scientific planning of modern urbanization construction to create eco-tourism cities; Rational development, utilization and protection of natural resources; Strengthening the management of ecological environment protection, control of ecological environment pollution these four ecological environment protection and development countermeasures.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X171.1

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本文編號：2209481