【摘要】：植物是園林景觀構成的重要元素之一,植物是園林景觀中最具生命力的景觀元素,園林植物景觀除了形成美好的觀賞效果之外,還兼有生態(tài)、環(huán)境甚至經濟等方面的效益。然而,由于氣候環(huán)境的影響,一些城市在秋冬季節(jié)的植物景觀相對單調,尤其是氣候寒冷的冬季,許多城市甚至無景可觀,導致城市吸引力逐漸降低,因此,城市秋冬季節(jié)的植物景觀問題亟待解決。文章以西安市主城區(qū)作為研究對象,采用抽樣調查的方法,抽選西安市秋冬季植物觀賞效果較好的綠地,調查記錄秋冬季節(jié)具有景觀價值的園林植物及其景觀表現,并通過查閱文獻、對比分析等方法,對西安市秋冬季節(jié)的植物及景觀表現進行探索,探討出能體現西安市秋冬季地域景觀特色的植物景觀配置模式,總結出適合西安市秋冬植物景觀營造的原則和策略。文章分析了城市秋冬季節(jié)園林植物的造景要滿足四大原則:科學生態(tài)原則、藝術審美原則、文化內涵原則及功能實用原則,同時提出秋冬季節(jié)的園林植物的布局形式也分為自然式和規(guī)則式兩種。通過調查,統(tǒng)計出西安市秋冬季節(jié)可觀賞的植物有292種,隸屬于72科156屬,其中常綠植物90種,色葉植物107種,觀花植物29種,觀果植物87種,觀枝干植物22種,此外還有一些觀姿形植物、觀芽植物等,并將這些植物及其觀賞價值與應用形式一一列舉。調查中也發(fā)現這些植物的景觀表現存在一些問題:一是景觀單調,有失活潑;二是未注重局部小氣候的影響;三是植物的冬態(tài)美利用不充分,這些秋冬季節(jié)可觀賞的植物中,常用于城市綠化的種類卻不到50%。針對西安市秋冬季節(jié)的植物景觀現狀,文章分別提出了不同類別觀賞植物的景觀建設研究,并提出要“三靠植物”豐富物種多樣性及“四靠措施”保證景觀多樣性,通過兩方面合力來提升西安市秋冬季節(jié)的植物景觀效果。最后,文章推薦了西安市秋冬季節(jié)景觀效果較好的鄉(xiāng)土植物、兼具環(huán)保功能的景觀植物以及生態(tài)景觀效益較好的植物群落配置,以期為西安市乃至陜西地區(qū)今后的城市植物景觀設計和構想提供一定的理論依據和指導。
[Abstract]:Plant is one of the important elements of landscape architecture, and plant is the most vital landscape element in garden landscape. In addition to forming beautiful ornamental effect, garden plant landscape also has ecological, environmental and even economic benefits. However, due to the influence of climate and environment, the plant landscape of some cities is relatively monotonous in autumn and winter, especially in the cold winter. The problem of plant landscape in autumn and winter is urgent to be solved. This paper takes the main urban area of Xi'an as the research object, selects the green space with better ornamental effect in autumn and winter, and records the landscape value of garden plants and their landscape performance in autumn and winter. By means of literature review and comparative analysis, this paper explores the plant and landscape performance in autumn and winter seasons in Xi'an, and discusses the plant landscape configuration model which can reflect the regional landscape characteristics of autumn and winter in Xi'an. The principles and strategies of plant landscape construction suitable for autumn and winter in Xi'an are summarized. This paper analyzes the four principles of landscape construction of urban garden plants in autumn and winter seasons: scientific ecological principle, artistic aesthetic principle, cultural connotation principle and functional and practical principle, and analyzes the following four principles: scientific ecological principle, artistic aesthetic principle, cultural connotation principle and functional and practical principle. At the same time, the layout of garden plants in autumn and winter is divided into two types: natural and regular. According to the investigation, 292 species of ornamental plants were found in autumn and winter seasons in Xi'an, belonging to 156 genera of 72 families. Among them, 90 species of evergreen plants, 107 species of color-leaf plants, 29 species of flowering plants, 87 species of fruit watching plants and 22 species of branch and stem plants. In addition, there are some ornamental plants, budding plants and so on, and the ornamental value and application form of these plants are listed one by one. The investigation also found that there are some problems in the landscape performance of these plants: first, the landscape is monotonous and inactive; second, the influence of local microclimate is not paid attention to; and third, the winter beauty of the plants is not fully utilized, among the plants that can be seen in the autumn and winter seasons, Less than 50 species are often used in urban greening. In view of the present situation of plant landscape in autumn and winter seasons in Xi'an, this paper puts forward the research on landscape construction of different ornamental plants, and points out that it is necessary to enrich species diversity and ensure landscape diversity by "three depending plants" and "four measures". The effect of plant landscape in autumn and winter season of Xi'an is improved through two aspects of joint efforts. Finally, the paper recommends the local plants with better landscape effect in autumn and winter in Xi'an, landscape plants with environmental protection function and plant community allocation with better ecological landscape benefits. In order to provide some theoretical basis and guidance for the design and conception of urban plant landscape in Xi'an and Shaanxi.
【學位授予單位】：西北農林科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S688;TU986

【參考文獻】

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1 鄭西平;張啟翔;;北京城市園林綠化植物應用現狀與展望[J];中國園林;2011年05期

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本文編號：2186626