【摘要】：隨著我國城市化進(jìn)程的加快,造成城市用地緊張,綠化面積越來越少,隨之而來的是熱島效應(yīng)、噪聲污染、霧霾(PM2.5)等各種生態(tài)環(huán)境問題。因此,在平面空間有限的條件下,形式多樣的垂直綠化就顯得尤為重要。近年來,珠三角地區(qū)特別是廣州、深圳和珠海市的現(xiàn)代植物墻發(fā)展呈現(xiàn)良好的態(tài)勢,無論是植物墻種類、數(shù)量與規(guī)模、使用植物種類、養(yǎng)護(hù)管理等方面都有一定特色。為此,有必要通過對珠三角室內(nèi)外現(xiàn)代植物墻的調(diào)查與分析,一方面是挖掘珠三角現(xiàn)代植物墻在植物選擇、框架設(shè)計、基質(zhì)配置、灌溉系統(tǒng)及營造方面的特色;另一方面,是發(fā)現(xiàn)不足之處,為解決這些問題尋找“良方”,以便為其它城市的植物墻的健康發(fā)展提供參考或指導(dǎo)意見。通過實地調(diào)研、走訪,記錄了室內(nèi)外植物墻應(yīng)用的栽培植物種類、種植模塊、栽培基質(zhì)、灌溉系統(tǒng)以及整體的景觀效果。然后運(yùn)用Yaahp10軟件進(jìn)行分析,經(jīng)過模型建立、數(shù)據(jù)輸入、分析計算得出排序結(jié)果。主要結(jié)果如下:1珠三角地區(qū)室內(nèi)植物墻調(diào)查分析結(jié)果:1)排名前5位的植物有口紅花(Aeschynanthus pulche)、綠蘿(Epipremnum aureum)、邦德粗肋草(Aglaonema commutatun‘Bond’)、孔雀開屏(A.commutatun‘Peacock’)、金鉆蔓綠絨(Philodendron‘con-go’)等,植物種類相對較少,造景單一;2)5種栽培基質(zhì)中,排名前2位的是Puffcal和泥炭土+珍珠巖,效果最差的基質(zhì)是泥土;3)在灌溉系統(tǒng)中,滴灌系統(tǒng)最優(yōu),其次是噴灌系統(tǒng),人工澆灌為最差;4)種植模塊以塑料盒種植效果最佳,優(yōu)于毛毯式。2珠三角地區(qū)室外植物墻調(diào)查分析結(jié)果:1)排名前15的植物種類是山礬(Symplocos caudata)、鴨腳木(Schefflera octophylla(Lour.)Harms)、紫杯莧(Altemanthera ficoidea‘Ruliginosa’)、雪花木(Breynia nivosa)、油點木(Dracaena surculosa‘Maculata’)、山指甲(Ligustrum sinense Lour.)、金光變?nèi)~木(Codiaeum variegatum‘Chrysophyllum’)、泰國龍船花(Ixora chinensis Lam.)、水鬼蕉(Hymenocallis littoralis(Jacq.)Scalisb.)、薜荔(Ficus pumila Linn.)、花葉鴨腳木(Schefflera odorata‘variegata’)、花葉扶桑(Hibiscus rosa-sinensis var.variegata)、九里香(Murraya exotica L.)、龜背竹(Monstera deliciosa Liebm.)、天門冬(Asparagus densiflorus‘Sprengeri’)、金鉆蔓綠絨(P.‘con-go’)、綠蘿(E.aureum)。排名后10名的植物種類是花葉良姜(Alpinia sanderae Hort.)、金邊吊蘭(Chlorophytum comosum‘variegatum’)、腎蕨(Nephrolepis auriculata)、綠葉朱焦(Cordyline fruticosa(L.)Goepp.'Ti')、黃楊(Buxus sinica(Rehd.et Wils.)Cheng)、朱焦(C.fruticosa(L.)A.Cheval)、吊竹梅(Zebrina pendula Schnizl)、鳶尾(Iris tectorum Maxim.)、萼距花(Cuphea hookeriana Walp.)、紅桑(Acalypha wikesiana);2)基質(zhì)種類中,排名前3的是混合基質(zhì),如泥炭+泥土+陶粒+珍珠巖、泥炭+陶粒+珍珠巖、泥炭+陶粒。排名后3的基質(zhì)種類是泥土+沙、純泥土、泥土+陶粒;3)種植模塊系統(tǒng)最優(yōu)的是塑料定植盒+海綿,最差的是塑料定植槽;4)灌溉系統(tǒng)中,逐次單元滴灌最優(yōu),其次是頂端灌溉,人工灌溉最差。雖然,珠三角地區(qū)植物墻發(fā)展較快,具有植物墻類型多樣、應(yīng)用植物種類繁多、基質(zhì)種類多樣等特色。但存在問題也不少,如普遍存在的技術(shù)問題;植物配置不當(dāng),景觀欠佳;重建設(shè),輕管理;產(chǎn)品專業(yè)程度不夠,技術(shù)水平低;對植物墻種類的設(shè)計與選擇、植物設(shè)計與選擇與灌溉系統(tǒng)的改進(jìn)等提出了合理化建議。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of urbanization in China, the urban land is in short supply and the greening area is becoming less and less. Thermal island effect, noise pollution, haze (PM2.5) and other ecological environment problems are followed. Therefore, under the condition of limited plane space, the vertical greening in various forms is particularly important. The development of modern plant walls in Zhuhai, Shenzhen and Zhouhai has shown a good trend, which is characterized by the variety, quantity and scale of plant walls, the use of plant species, and the maintenance and management. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate and analyze the indoor and outdoor modern plant walls in the Pearl River Delta. On the one hand, it is necessary to excavate the modern plant walls in the Pearl River Delta for plant selection. On the other hand, it is to find out the shortcomings and find "good solutions" for solving these problems, so as to provide reference or guidance for the healthy development of plant walls in other cities. The main results are as follows: 1. Investigation and analysis of indoor plant walls in the Pearl River Delta region: 1) Top 5 plants are Aeschynanthus pulche, green. Epipremnum aureum, Aglaonema commutatun `Bond', A. commutatun `Peacock', Philodendron `con-go', etc., have relatively few plant species and single landscaping; 2) Puffcal and peat + perlite are the top two of the five cultivation substrates, and the worst substrate is soil; In the irrigation system, drip irrigation system is the best, followed by sprinkler irrigation system, artificial irrigation is the worst; 4) plastic box planting module is the best, better than blanket. 2 Pearl River Delta outdoor plant wall survey results: 1) Top 15 plant species are Symplocos caudata, Schefflera octophylla (Lour.) Harms, purple Altemanthera ficoidea `Ruliginosa', Breynia nivosa, Dracaena surculosa `Maculata', Ligustrum sinense Lour., Codiaeum variegatum `Chrysophyllum', Ixora chinensis Lam., Hymenocallis Scalisb., and Puccinellia, etc. Litchi (Ficus pumila Linn.), Schefflera odorata `variegata', Hibiscus rosa-sinensis var. variegata, Murraya exotica L., Monstera deliciosa Liebm., Asparagus densiflorus `Sprengeri', Golden diamond vine green velvet (P. `con go'), and green carrot (E. aureum). Ten species of plants were Alpinia sanderae Hort., Chlorophytum comosum'variegatum', Nephrolepis auriculata, Cordyline fruticosa (L.) Goepp.'Ti', Buxus Sinica (Rehd. et Wils.) Cheng, C. fruticosa (L.) A. Cheval, Zebrina, Schpendula, etc. Iris tectorum Maxim., Cuphea hookeriana Walp., Acalypha wikesiana; 2) Mixed substrates, such as peat + clay + ceramsite + perlite, peat + ceramsite + perlite, peat + ceramsite, peat + ceramsite. The latter three substrates were soil + sand, pure clay, clay + ceramsite; 3) the best planting system. Plastic planting box + sponge is the worst, plastic planting trough is the worst; 4) In the irrigation system, successive unit drip irrigation is the best, followed by top irrigation, artificial irrigation is the worst. The existing technical problems, improper plant allocation, poor landscape, reconstruction, light management, insufficient product professionalism, low technical level, the design and selection of plant wall types, plant design and selection and improvement of irrigation system were put forward rationalization proposals.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：仲愷農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S688

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