基于土地利用景觀格局的疏勒河流域生態(tài)安全研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-13 09:26
【摘要】：疏勒河位于甘肅省西部,是河西走廊三大內(nèi)陸河之一,具有典型的干旱區(qū)內(nèi)陸河特征,生態(tài)環(huán)境極其敏感脆弱。伴隨著西部大開發(fā)戰(zhàn)略的施行,國(guó)家對(duì)西部生態(tài)環(huán)境的建設(shè)和保護(hù)越來(lái)越重視,疏勒河流域的生態(tài)安全格局顯得極其重要。景觀生態(tài)學(xué)、遙感和地理信息技術(shù),為分析流域的景觀格局、生態(tài)安全提供了手段和方法。本文在獲取疏勒河流域水文地質(zhì)資料、社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)、遙感影像、土地利用數(shù)據(jù)的基礎(chǔ)上,運(yùn)用景觀生態(tài)學(xué)的原理和方法,選取適當(dāng)?shù)木坝^格局指數(shù),分析了流域1980-2010年的景觀格局特征和土地利用動(dòng)態(tài)變化情況。依據(jù)景觀格局指數(shù)構(gòu)建適合流域的生態(tài)安全評(píng)價(jià)模型,劃分風(fēng)險(xiǎn)小區(qū)對(duì)流域的生態(tài)安全進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià),分析疏勒河流域生態(tài)安全度的時(shí)空演變,并對(duì)其空間相關(guān)性進(jìn)行研究。利用最小累積阻力(MCR)模型,以自然保護(hù)區(qū)、水域、林地等作為生態(tài)“源地”,以生態(tài)安全水平、海拔和坡度作為阻力因子生成阻力面,構(gòu)建流域生態(tài)安全格局,識(shí)別潛在廊道和節(jié)點(diǎn),建立優(yōu)化后的生態(tài)安全網(wǎng)絡(luò),從而為流域的生態(tài)安全保障提供建議和對(duì)策。本文主要結(jié)論如下:(1)草地、戈壁和未利用地是疏勒河流域最主要的景觀類型。研究時(shí)段內(nèi),耕地和城鎮(zhèn)工礦用地面積持續(xù)增長(zhǎng),且逐漸成片聚集分布,二者之間相互轉(zhuǎn)換的面積所占比例也較大,數(shù)量變化程度最為劇烈。沙地始終是流域形狀最復(fù)雜的景觀;沼澤地的分布越來(lái)越破碎,水域和沼澤地的變化程度相對(duì)較強(qiáng)。其他未利用地、戈壁、鹽堿地和草地之間的相互轉(zhuǎn)化是流域土地利用變化的主體。30年間,流域土地利用轉(zhuǎn)化速度逐漸降低,景觀斑塊數(shù)量明顯下降,景觀多樣性有所增加,破碎化趨勢(shì)明顯。2000年之前景觀形狀的變化趨向復(fù)雜化,之后趨向簡(jiǎn)單化。1980-1995年疏勒河流域土地利用景觀格局變化的動(dòng)態(tài)度遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于1995-2010年。(2)疏勒河流域南部的生態(tài)安全程度高于北部,低度安全的區(qū)域主要分布在流域北部,較高安全區(qū)分布在南部山區(qū)以及河流中下游的沖積平原,高度安全區(qū)分布在東南部祁連山區(qū),肅北與玉門的交界處。1980-1995年,生態(tài)安全等級(jí)發(fā)生變化的區(qū)域主要位于流域西南部和東部;1995-2010年等級(jí)發(fā)生變化的區(qū)域面積小于1980-1995年。較低安全水平的區(qū)域始終是研究區(qū)面積最大的區(qū)域,其次是低度安全水平區(qū),較高安全和高度安全水平區(qū)在研究區(qū)所占的比例極少,二者之和不到10%。總體來(lái)說(shuō),疏勒河流域的生態(tài)安全水平在30年間有所改善。(3)疏勒河流域的景觀生態(tài)安全指數(shù)在空間上存在著一定的集聚效應(yīng)。生態(tài)安全值高的區(qū)域,周邊區(qū)域的值亦高;生態(tài)安全值低的區(qū)域,周邊區(qū)域的值亦低。同時(shí),局部空間上“同質(zhì)集聚、異質(zhì)隔離”的特征很明顯。1980-2010年間,Moran’s I指數(shù)呈現(xiàn)降低的趨勢(shì),空間自相關(guān)程度有所減弱,空間趨同性逐漸降低。1980-2010年疏勒河流域生態(tài)安全指數(shù)空間分布均以高-高聚集(H-H)和低-低聚集(LL)類型為主,高-低聚集(H-L)與低-高聚集(L-H)則呈零散分布。(4)優(yōu)化后的生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)將生態(tài)源地、潛在廊道和節(jié)點(diǎn)等景觀組分結(jié)合,使之成為一個(gè)點(diǎn)、線、面相互嵌套的整體。與流域生態(tài)安全格局現(xiàn)狀相比,潛在生態(tài)安全網(wǎng)絡(luò)充分利用已有的河流水系,打通廊道,避開城鎮(zhèn)工礦用地和交通干線,將自然保護(hù)區(qū)等生態(tài)源地通過(guò)廊道和輻射道連接,并在生態(tài)脆弱區(qū)設(shè)置關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)作為物種擴(kuò)散的“踏板”。
[Abstract]:Shule river is located in the west of Gansu province. It is one of the three inland rivers in Hexi corridor. It has the characteristics of inland river in the typical arid area. The ecological environment is extremely sensitive and fragile. With the implementation of the western development strategy, the state has paid more and more attention to the construction and protection of the ecological environment in the west, and the ecological security pattern of the Shule river basin is very important. The view ecology, remote sensing and geographic information technology provide the means and methods for analyzing the landscape pattern and ecological security of the river basin. On the basis of obtaining the hydrogeological data, social and economic data, remote sensing images and land use data of the Shule River Basin, this paper uses the principles and methods of landscape ecology to select the appropriate landscape pattern index. The characteristics of landscape pattern and the dynamic change of land use for 1980-2010 years are analyzed. According to the landscape pattern index, the ecological security evaluation model suitable for the river basin is constructed. The ecological security of the watershed is evaluated, the time space evolution of the ecological safety degree in the Shule river basin is analyzed, and the spatial correlation is studied. With the minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) model, the natural reserve, water area and woodland are used as the ecological "source", the resistance surface is generated by the level of ecological safety, altitude and slope as resistance factor, the ecological security pattern of the basin is constructed, the potential corridor and node are identified, and the optimized ecological security network is established, thus the ecological security guarantee of the basin is provided. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) grassland, Gobi and unused land are the most important landscape types in the Shule River Basin. During the study period, the area of cultivated land and urban industrial and mining land is growing continuously, and gradually aggregated and distributed, the proportion of the area between the two is larger, and the degree of change is the most intense. All the time is the most complex landscape in the basin; the distribution of the swamps is more and more broken and the degree of change in water and swamps is relatively strong. Other unused land, Gobi, saline alkali land and grassland are the main body of the change of land use in the basin.30 years, the conversion rate of the land use in the basin is gradually reduced and the number of landscape patches is clear. The landscape diversity of the Shule River Basin was more complicated than that of 1995-2010 years later. (2) the ecological security of the southern Shule River Basin was higher than that of the north and low safety in the south of the Shule River Basin. The region is mainly distributed in the northern part of the basin, and the higher safety areas are distributed in the southern mountainous area and the alluvial plain in the middle and lower reaches of the river. The high safety zone is distributed in the Qilian mountains in the southeast and the junction of the Subei and Yumen in.1980-1995 years. The region of the ecological safety grade is mainly located in the southwest and the east of the river basin; the 1995-2010 year grade changes. The area of the area is less than 1980-1995 years. The region with lower safety level is always the largest area in the study area, followed by low level safety level, and the proportion of high safety and high safety level in the study area is very small. The ecological safety level of the Shule River Basin has improved in 30 years in general, the two is not the whole. (3) the landscape ecological safety index of the Shule River Basin has a certain agglomeration effect in the space. The value of the surrounding area is high in the region with high ecological safety value, the region with low ecological safety value and the value of the surrounding area is also low. At the same time, the characteristics of "homogeneous agglomeration and heterogeneous isolation" in the local space are obvious in.1980-2010 years, Moran 's I refers to The degree of spatial autocorrelation decreased, and the spatial convergence decreased gradually, and the spatial distribution of the ecological safety index in the Shule River Basin was gradually reduced in.1980-2010 years, which were mainly high to high aggregation (H-H) and low oligomeric aggregation (LL), while the high oligomer set (H-L) and low high aggregation (L-H) were scattered. (4) the ecological network after the optimization will be the ecological source. The potential ecological security network makes full use of the existing river water system, passes through the corridor, avoids the urban industrial and mining land and the intersection, and passes the natural reserves through the corridor and the corridor, as compared with the current situation of the ecological safety pattern of the basin. Radiation channels are connected and key points are set up in the fragile ecological areas as a "pedal" for species dispersal.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P901;F301.2
本文編號(hào)：2118910
[Abstract]:Shule river is located in the west of Gansu province. It is one of the three inland rivers in Hexi corridor. It has the characteristics of inland river in the typical arid area. The ecological environment is extremely sensitive and fragile. With the implementation of the western development strategy, the state has paid more and more attention to the construction and protection of the ecological environment in the west, and the ecological security pattern of the Shule river basin is very important. The view ecology, remote sensing and geographic information technology provide the means and methods for analyzing the landscape pattern and ecological security of the river basin. On the basis of obtaining the hydrogeological data, social and economic data, remote sensing images and land use data of the Shule River Basin, this paper uses the principles and methods of landscape ecology to select the appropriate landscape pattern index. The characteristics of landscape pattern and the dynamic change of land use for 1980-2010 years are analyzed. According to the landscape pattern index, the ecological security evaluation model suitable for the river basin is constructed. The ecological security of the watershed is evaluated, the time space evolution of the ecological safety degree in the Shule river basin is analyzed, and the spatial correlation is studied. With the minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) model, the natural reserve, water area and woodland are used as the ecological "source", the resistance surface is generated by the level of ecological safety, altitude and slope as resistance factor, the ecological security pattern of the basin is constructed, the potential corridor and node are identified, and the optimized ecological security network is established, thus the ecological security guarantee of the basin is provided. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) grassland, Gobi and unused land are the most important landscape types in the Shule River Basin. During the study period, the area of cultivated land and urban industrial and mining land is growing continuously, and gradually aggregated and distributed, the proportion of the area between the two is larger, and the degree of change is the most intense. All the time is the most complex landscape in the basin; the distribution of the swamps is more and more broken and the degree of change in water and swamps is relatively strong. Other unused land, Gobi, saline alkali land and grassland are the main body of the change of land use in the basin.30 years, the conversion rate of the land use in the basin is gradually reduced and the number of landscape patches is clear. The landscape diversity of the Shule River Basin was more complicated than that of 1995-2010 years later. (2) the ecological security of the southern Shule River Basin was higher than that of the north and low safety in the south of the Shule River Basin. The region is mainly distributed in the northern part of the basin, and the higher safety areas are distributed in the southern mountainous area and the alluvial plain in the middle and lower reaches of the river. The high safety zone is distributed in the Qilian mountains in the southeast and the junction of the Subei and Yumen in.1980-1995 years. The region of the ecological safety grade is mainly located in the southwest and the east of the river basin; the 1995-2010 year grade changes. The area of the area is less than 1980-1995 years. The region with lower safety level is always the largest area in the study area, followed by low level safety level, and the proportion of high safety and high safety level in the study area is very small. The ecological safety level of the Shule River Basin has improved in 30 years in general, the two is not the whole. (3) the landscape ecological safety index of the Shule River Basin has a certain agglomeration effect in the space. The value of the surrounding area is high in the region with high ecological safety value, the region with low ecological safety value and the value of the surrounding area is also low. At the same time, the characteristics of "homogeneous agglomeration and heterogeneous isolation" in the local space are obvious in.1980-2010 years, Moran 's I refers to The degree of spatial autocorrelation decreased, and the spatial convergence decreased gradually, and the spatial distribution of the ecological safety index in the Shule River Basin was gradually reduced in.1980-2010 years, which were mainly high to high aggregation (H-H) and low oligomeric aggregation (LL), while the high oligomer set (H-L) and low high aggregation (L-H) were scattered. (4) the ecological network after the optimization will be the ecological source. The potential ecological security network makes full use of the existing river water system, passes through the corridor, avoids the urban industrial and mining land and the intersection, and passes the natural reserves through the corridor and the corridor, as compared with the current situation of the ecological safety pattern of the basin. Radiation channels are connected and key points are set up in the fragile ecological areas as a "pedal" for species dispersal.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P901;F301.2
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條
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2 關(guān)文彬,謝春華,馬克明,牛健植,趙玉濤,汪西林;景觀生態(tài)恢復(fù)與重建是區(qū)域生態(tài)安全格局構(gòu)建的關(guān)鍵途徑[J];生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào);2003年01期
，本文編號(hào)：2118910
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