本文選題：萊州灣東岸 + 人工島群�。� 參考：《中國海洋大學》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：2008年,國家海洋局充分調研了日本等其他發(fā)達國家的圍填�，F(xiàn)狀,在此基礎上發(fā)布了《關于改進圍填海造地工程平面設計的若干意見》,開始提倡先進的圍填海布局先進理念,指出圍填海布局方式主要有人工島式圍填海、多突堤式圍填海以及區(qū)塊組團式圍填海,我國開展了龍口市和招遠市人工島群以及漳州市雙魚島的規(guī)劃建設,如何更好的開展圍填海布局優(yōu)化是目前研究的熱點內容。本文旨在針對人工島式圍填海布局優(yōu)化開展相關的研究,以萊州灣東岸人工島群規(guī)劃布局為例,重點考慮人工島群自身布局及其對周邊海域環(huán)境的影響等兩個方面因素,結合國家對圍填海平面設計的意見,提出了人工島式圍填海布局優(yōu)化指標體系和模型。進而提出多突堤式和區(qū)域組團式圍填海布局優(yōu)化評估指標和模型。目前國家海洋局在項目單位上報區(qū)域用海規(guī)劃設計后,根據(jù)此優(yōu)化評估指標和模型統(tǒng)一審核區(qū)域用海規(guī)劃,提出區(qū)域用海的布局優(yōu)化和調整的方向,總之,該指標體系和模型已獲得應用。主要研究成果如下：1、根據(jù)人工島式圍填海的特點,結合研究區(qū)水深地形、岸線變化、灘面實測和地形地貌數(shù)值模擬結果分析人工島式圍填海對周邊海域環(huán)境的影響,提出了人工島式圍填海布局優(yōu)化評估指標和模型,布局優(yōu)化評估指標主要包括人工島離岸指數(shù)、人工島形狀指數(shù)、人工島臨岸區(qū)域指數(shù)、親海岸線指數(shù)和水域景觀指數(shù)等5個指標；人工島式圍填海布局優(yōu)化評估模型為Ma=∑Wi×Fi,式中,Ma為人工島式圍填海布局優(yōu)化評估指數(shù),Wi為第i個指標的權重,Fi為第i個指標的標準化值。本評估指標和模型為萊州灣東岸人工島群布局優(yōu)化提供技術依據(jù),經過分析龍口市人工島群(16個人工島)布局優(yōu)化評估指數(shù)(0.727)大于7個人工島方案(0.643),說明優(yōu)化調整是可行的,但也有需要調整的指標如人工島離岸距離。2、本文提出圍填海布局評估等級,包括5個等級,分別為優(yōu)秀、優(yōu)良、良好、一般和欠缺,從V級到Ⅰ級,代表圍填海行政審批意見由“完全按照圍填海布局實施”到“需要全面調整圍填海布局”。3、根據(jù)三種圍填海方式的不同點和相同點,進一步將人工島式圍填海布局優(yōu)化評估指標推廣、拓展到多突堤式和區(qū)塊組團式圍填海布局優(yōu)化,分別在遼東灣的長興島臨港工業(yè)區(qū)區(qū)域建設用海一期和盤錦遼濱經濟區(qū)區(qū)域建設用海推廣應用。其中多突堤式圍填海布局優(yōu)化評估指標包括圍填海強度指數(shù)、海岸線冗虧指數(shù)、臨岸區(qū)域指數(shù)、自然海岸線節(jié)約利用率、水域景觀指數(shù)和親海岸線指數(shù)等6個指標；區(qū)塊組團式圍填海布局優(yōu)化評估指標包括圍填海強度指數(shù)、海岸線冗虧指數(shù)、自然海岸線利用率、親海岸線指數(shù)、臨岸區(qū)域指數(shù)、海洋過程廊道指數(shù)、人工島指數(shù)、人工島形狀指數(shù)和水域景觀指數(shù)等9個指標。同時也分別歸納出多突堤式和區(qū)塊組團式圍填海布局優(yōu)化評估模型。4、在萊州灣東岸的龍口港到石虎嘴岸段設置了4個斷面,通過《海港水文規(guī)范》(JTJ 213-98)推薦公式分別計算萊州灣東岸人工島群建設前后各斷面的沿岸輸沙率。認為：人工島群建設前,龍口港南側斷面凈輸沙向NE,界河口、招遠市人工島群東南側以及石虎嘴東北側的斷面凈輸沙向SW。人工島群建設后,界河口及其北側的兩個斷面岸段由于人工島群建設,近岸沿岸輸沙小,海岸基本穩(wěn)定;招遠市人工島群東南側的斷面岸段由于偏北向波浪作用被人工島群阻擋,沿岸泥沙將沿岸向北進入人工島和陸地之間的水道,造成水道淤積；石虎嘴東北側的斷面岸段在招遠市人工島群波影區(qū)影響范圍外,沿岸輸沙與現(xiàn)狀基本相同。但是招遠市的兩個斷面之間的岸段由于失去了南向輸沙的補給將出現(xiàn)侵蝕狀態(tài),多年后將逐漸趨于平衡。實測岸灘剖面分析顯示石虎嘴東北側的岸灘坡度較陡,出現(xiàn)侵蝕,與岸灘蝕淤預測結果一致。5、根據(jù)萊州灣東岸海岸侵蝕原因分析和人工島群用海對招遠、萊州沿岸沙灘的影響預測結果,提出了順岸壩(護岸)、離岸堤和海灘補沙等三種砂質海岸侵蝕防護對策,建議長期跟蹤監(jiān)測評估人工島群用海對沿岸的影響。
[Abstract]:In 2008, the State Oceanic Administration fully investigated the current situation of reclamation in other developed countries, such as Japan, and on this basis issued a number of opinions on improving the plane design of reclamation projects in the reclamation area, and began to advocate advanced ideas of the advanced layout of the reclamation. It is pointed out that the layout of the reclamation is mainly composed of artificial island type reclamation and multi breakwater reclamation. The planning and construction of artificial island groups in Longkou City and Zhaoyuan and Zhangzhou city of double fish island have been carried out in China, and how to optimize the layout of the reclamation is a hot topic at present. The aim of this paper is to carry out the research on the optimization of the layout of artificial island type reclamation and to take the eastern shore artificial island group rules of the Laizhou Bay. In this paper, the layout of the artificial island group and its influence on the surrounding sea environment are taken into consideration in two aspects. The optimization index system and model of artificial island type reclamation are put forward. At present, after the National Oceanic Administration reported the regional sea planning and design on the project unit, the regional sea planning was reviewed according to the optimization evaluation index and model, and the direction of regional sea use optimization and adjustment was put forward. In conclusion, the index system and model have been applied. The main research results are as follows: 1, according to artificial island type reclamation The characteristics of the study area are water depth topography, shore line change, beach surface measurement and topography and geomorphic numerical simulation results to analyze the influence of artificial island type reclamation on the surrounding sea environment. The optimization evaluation index and model of artificial island type reclamation are put forward, and the layout optimization evaluation index mainly includes artificial Island offshore index and artificial island shape index. 5 indexes such as the shore area index of artificial island, the index of the coastal line and the index of water landscape, and the optimization evaluation model of artificial island type reclamation is Ma= Sigma Wi x Fi. In the formula, Ma is the optimization evaluation index of artificial island type reclamation, Wi is the weight of the I index, and Fi is the standardized value of the I index. The evaluation index and model are Laizhou The layout optimization of the artificial island group in the east coast of the bay provides technical basis. Through the analysis of the Longkou City artificial island group (16 individual island) layout optimization evaluation index (0.727) is greater than the 7 individual island plan (0.643), the optimization and adjustment is feasible, but there are also some indexes that need to be adjusted, such as the artificial island offshore distance.2. This paper puts forward the evaluation grade of the layout of the reclamation. The 5 grades are excellent, good, good, general and deficient, from V to grade I, representing the administrative examination and approval of the reclamation from "fully according to the layout of the reclamation" to "the need to adjust the layout of the reclamation".3. According to the different points and the same points of the three kinds of reclamation methods, the layout of the artificial island type reclamation is optimized and evaluated. The index extension is extended to the optimization of the layout of the multi breakwater and block type reclamation. In the Changxing Island port industrial area of Liaodong Bay, the regional construction is applied to the sea and the regional construction of the Panjin Liaobin economic zone. The optimization evaluation index of the multi breakwater type reclamation includes the strength index of the reclamation and the redundancy index of the coastline. There are 6 indexes of shore area index, conservation utilization of natural coastline, water landscape index and pro coast line index, etc. the optimization evaluation index of the layout of block type surrounding reclamation includes the strength index of the reclamation, the shoreline redundancy index, the utilization rate of natural coastline, the number of coastal line finger, the shore area index, the marine process corridor index, and artificial index. The island index, the artificial island shape index and the water landscape index are 9 indexes. At the same time, the optimization and evaluation model of the layout of the multi breakwater and block group type reclamation is also summed up, and 4 sections are set up in the Longkou port of the East Bank of Laizhou bay to the Stone Tiger bank section, and the East Laizhou Bay hydrological specification > (JTJ 213-98) formula is used to calculate the East Laizhou Bay. Before the construction of the artificial island group, it is believed that before the construction of the artificial island group, the net transport sand of the south side of the Longkou port was built to NE, the estuary, the southeast side of the Zhaoyuan artificial island group and the net sediment from the northeast side of the stone tiger mouth to the SW. artificial island group, and the two sections of the River Estuary and the north side of the river estuary were constructed by artificial island groups. Along the coast of Zhaoyuan, the coastal section of the southeast side of the artificial island group is blocked by the artificial island group on the south-east side of the artificial island group, and the coastal sediment enters the coastal area between the artificial island and the land, causing the silt of the waterway, and the shore section of the northeast side of the stone tiger mouth affects the model of the artificial island group in the Zhaoyuan city. On the other hand, the coastal sediment transport is basically the same as the current situation. But the bank section between the two sections of the city of Zhaoyuan will be eroded because of the loss of the supply of southward sediment, and it will gradually balance after years. The analysis of the measured beach profile shows that the slope of the beach in the northeast side of the Shi Hu mouth is steep and is eroded, which is consistent with the prediction results of the beach erosion and siltation,.5, root. According to the analysis of the causes of erosion on the east coast of Laizhou Bay and the prediction results of the impact of the artificial island group on the beach of Zhaoyuan and Laizhou along the coast of Laizhou, this paper puts forward the Countermeasures of erosion and protection of sandy shores, such as shore dam (bank revetment), offshore embankment and beach sand filling, and suggests that long-term tracking and monitoring will be used to assess the impact of the artificial island group on the coast.
【學位授予單位】：中國海洋大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P756.8

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