本文選題：景觀遺傳學 + 計算機模擬�。� 參考：《遼寧大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：過度開發(fā)、外來物種入侵、環(huán)境污染、氣候變化,尤其是生境退化及破碎化成為導致生物多樣性減少的重要原因。景觀遺傳學作為景觀生態(tài)學和種群遺傳學的結合,旨在研究景觀特征與微進化過程(如基因交流,基因漂變)之間的相互作用,探討地理空間和環(huán)境特征在個體和種群水平上塑造遺傳變異的規(guī)律與機理,在生物多樣性保護方面具有巨大的潛力。計算機模擬提供了對格局-過程關系的顯性控制,這確保了造成遺傳分化的因素和因素復雜評估的嚴謹分布,這在實地研究中是不可能做到的,為景觀遺傳研究提供了有力工具。保護和恢復種群連接度是野生動物保護的重要途徑。擴散生境可作為動物在生境斑塊間移動的廊道,能夠有效增加種群間連接度。擴散生境格局對種群遺傳結構的影響方面的研究,將對野生動物保護具有重要作用。本文通過仿真建模探索擴散生境配置、阻力等對遺傳多樣性的影響,使用F-統(tǒng)計量、雜合度(He,Ho)和mantel r這幾個檢測指標來檢測遺傳多樣性的變化。研究結果表明:當棲息地高度連通時,景觀遺傳影響不可測,在這種情況下景觀結構不會限制基因流動;破碎化程度較小時,破碎化程度是決定種群內近交程度的主要因素,中等破碎化對于遺傳多樣性的負面影響最大;擴散生境阻力對于種群遺傳結構具有顯著影響:隨擴散生境阻力增大,種群遺傳多樣性減少、近交水平增加、景觀對遺傳的影響加大;當擴散生境阻力較小時,改變擴散生境配置對種群遺傳分化產生較大影響,當擴散生境與非生境阻力值較為接近時,其景觀配置對于遺傳多樣性的影響較小,阻力是影響遺傳多樣性及景觀—遺傳關系的主要因素。
[Abstract]:Overexploitation, invasive alien species, environmental pollution, climate change, especially habitat degradation and fragmentation are important causes of biodiversity reduction. Landscape genetics, as a combination of landscape ecology and population genetics, aims to study the interaction between landscape characteristics and microevolutionary processes (such as gene exchange, gene drift). It has great potential in biodiversity conservation to explore the laws and mechanisms of geographical spatial and environmental characteristics that shape genetic variation at individual and population levels. Computer simulations provide dominant control over pattern-process relationships, which ensures a rigorous distribution of factors that contribute to genetic differentiation and complex assessments of factors that are not possible in field studies It provides a powerful tool for landscape genetic research. Conservation and restoration of population connectivity is an important approach to wildlife conservation. Diffusion habitat can be used as a corridor for animals to move between habitat patches, and it can effectively increase the connectivity between populations. The study on the effect of diffusion habitat pattern on population genetic structure will play an important role in wildlife conservation. In this paper, the effects of diffusion habitat configuration and resistance on genetic diversity are explored by simulation modeling. F- statistic, Hehlo and mantel r are used to detect genetic diversity. The results show that the landscape genetic effect is unpredictable when habitat is highly connected, and the landscape structure will not restrict gene flow in this case, and the fragmentation degree is the main factor that determines the inbreeding degree of the population, the degree of fragmentation is small, and the degree of fragmentation is the main factor that determines the degree of inbreeding within the population. Moderate fragmentation had the greatest negative effect on genetic diversity, and diffusion habitat resistance had significant effect on population genetic structure: with the increase of diffusion habitat resistance, population genetic diversity decreased, and inbreeding level increased. The effect of landscape on heredity was increased, when the resistance of diffusion habitat was small, the genetic differentiation of population was greatly affected by changing the distribution of diffusive habitat, and when the resistance value of diffusive habitat and non-habitat was close to each other, The landscape configuration had little effect on genetic diversity, and resistance was the main factor affecting genetic diversity and landscape genetic relationship.
【學位授予單位】：遼寧大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：Q953

【參考文獻】

相關期刊論文 前1條

1 陳小勇;生境片斷化對植物種群遺傳結構的影響及植物遺傳多樣性保護[J];生態(tài)學報;2000年05期

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本文編號：2099088