本文選題：黃土高原 + 侵蝕溝　； 參考：《南京師范大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：侵蝕溝在黃土高原分布極廣,是黃土地貌中物質(zhì)交換最頻繁、形態(tài)變化最劇烈的區(qū)域之一。黃土高原不同區(qū)域分布的侵蝕溝在形態(tài)上具有顯著的區(qū)域差異性,這種差異性一方面塑造了不同的地貌景觀,另一方面也影響著水土保持和農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)布局。對(duì)侵蝕溝區(qū)域差異性研究不僅是探索侵蝕溝自身發(fā)育與分布規(guī)律的需要,同時(shí)也是黃土高原地貌、侵蝕、生態(tài)等地球系統(tǒng)科學(xué)研究的重要切入點(diǎn)。前人對(duì)黃土侵蝕溝區(qū)域差異性開展了一系列研究,但受制于研究數(shù)據(jù)和方法,還處于探索階段。目前仍沒有提出一套適合于黃土地貌的侵蝕溝自動(dòng)提取方法體系;仍缺乏面向區(qū)域尺度的侵蝕溝特征定量分析指標(biāo)體系;尚未對(duì)侵蝕溝區(qū)域差異性的影響機(jī)制進(jìn)行剖析。對(duì)這些科學(xué)問題的進(jìn)一步探討,可望在黃土侵蝕溝相關(guān)研究取得突破性進(jìn)展。本文首先基于多源數(shù)據(jù),構(gòu)建了黃土侵蝕溝自動(dòng)提取方法體系,實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)黃土高原水土重點(diǎn)流失區(qū)侵蝕溝的自動(dòng)提取;在此基礎(chǔ)上,設(shè)計(jì)了侵蝕溝特征分析指標(biāo),基于不同的流域?qū)蛹?jí),在不同空間尺度上剖析了侵蝕溝區(qū)域差異性特征,并實(shí)現(xiàn)了研究區(qū)侵蝕溝特征分區(qū)。最后,通過侵蝕溝特征與地形、土壤、植被覆蓋度、土地利用等地理要素的相關(guān)性分析,剖析了侵蝕溝區(qū)域差異性的影響機(jī)制。論文的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容和及結(jié)論如下:(1)系統(tǒng)分析了現(xiàn)有侵蝕溝的定義,明確了本研究中侵蝕溝的基本界定,發(fā)育過程和基本特征。從侵蝕年代、形態(tài)特征、侵蝕特征、規(guī)模等級(jí)等角度進(jìn)行了侵蝕溝的類型劃分。此外,在現(xiàn)有的線性河網(wǎng)、正負(fù)地形分析等黃土侵蝕溝研究視角的基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)一步提出了面向?qū)ο蠡卣鞯那治g溝分析思路。(2)設(shè)計(jì)了一種基于高分辨率地形和影像數(shù)據(jù)的侵蝕溝自動(dòng)提取方法,實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)三個(gè)典型小流域樣區(qū)(綏德窯家灣溝、安塞紙坊溝和長(zhǎng)武下柳溝)侵蝕溝雙層次特征的自動(dòng)提取,并取得了較好的提取精度。(3)設(shè)計(jì)了基于中分辨率數(shù)據(jù)的侵蝕溝自動(dòng)提取方法,針對(duì)大區(qū)域范圍侵蝕溝提取需要,提出了融合地形骨架信息和影像特征的算法思路。在面向?qū)ο笥跋穹治鎏崛〗Y(jié)果的基礎(chǔ)上,融入?yún)R水網(wǎng)絡(luò)作為地形骨架信息,以修正侵蝕溝提取結(jié)果。結(jié)果表明,該融合策略有效彌補(bǔ)了中分辨數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)侵蝕溝特征表達(dá)不足,地形骨架信息對(duì)侵蝕溝提取的改進(jìn)作用明顯。基于該方法實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)整個(gè)黃土高原水土重點(diǎn)流失區(qū)的侵蝕溝自動(dòng)提取。(4)構(gòu)建了侵蝕溝定量分析指標(biāo),通過不同層級(jí)流域單元下的特征分析和熱點(diǎn)分析,從不同視角揭示了侵蝕溝的區(qū)域差異性特征。基于侵蝕溝割裂度和侵蝕溝主溝道縱比降兩個(gè)指標(biāo),從侵蝕溝發(fā)育程度和侵蝕溝發(fā)展?jié)摿蓚�(gè)角度構(gòu)建分區(qū)體系,并最終得到了黃土高原水土重點(diǎn)流失區(qū)侵蝕溝特征分區(qū)圖,共劃分為9個(gè)侵蝕溝特 .征區(qū)。針對(duì)黃土侵蝕溝自身特征開展地理區(qū)劃研究,是對(duì)現(xiàn)有土壤侵蝕分區(qū)、地貌分區(qū)的有效補(bǔ)充,可為黃土地貌、水土保持等研究提供了重要的參考。(5)探究了侵蝕溝特征與地形、土壤、植被覆蓋、土地利用、土壤侵蝕強(qiáng)度的相關(guān)性,結(jié)果表明:侵蝕溝割裂度和侵蝕溝密度與土壤侵蝕強(qiáng)度具有較好的相關(guān)性,其中侵蝕溝割裂度的相關(guān)性更強(qiáng),表明其在對(duì)區(qū)域土壤侵蝕評(píng)價(jià)中更具有優(yōu)勢(shì)。侵蝕溝特征與坡度和坡度坡長(zhǎng)因子具有一定的相關(guān)性,但與面積高程積分、植被覆蓋度的相關(guān)性較差。在土壤類型方面,黃綿土、褐土、栗褐土、灰褐土在黃土高原水土重點(diǎn)流失區(qū)分布較廣,且易發(fā)育侵蝕溝,需要重點(diǎn)關(guān)注。本研究基于對(duì)象提取、格局分析、機(jī)制探究的地理學(xué)研究范式,揭示了侵蝕溝區(qū)域差異性的外在表現(xiàn)與內(nèi)在機(jī)理,并推動(dòng)數(shù)字地形分析與黃土地貌的研究。
[Abstract]:The erosion gully is widely distributed in the Loess Plateau. It is one of the regions with the most frequent material exchange and the most dramatic changes in the Loess landforms. The erosion gully in different regions of the Loess Plateau has a significant regional difference in morphology. On the one hand, it shapes different geomorphologic landscapes, on the other hand, it also affects soil and water conservation and agriculture. The study of regional differences in erosion gully is not only a need to explore the development and distribution of erosion gully, but also an important entry point for the geomorphology, erosion and ecology of the Loess Plateau. A series of studies have been carried out on the regional differences of the Loess erosion gully, but the research data and methods are also subject to the study. At present, it is still in the exploration stage. At present, a set of automatic extraction method system for erosion gully suitable for loess landforms is still not proposed; there is still a lack of quantitative analysis index system for the characteristics of erosion gully oriented to the regional scale, and the influence mechanism of the regional difference of erosion gully has not been analyzed. The further discussion on these scientific problems can be expected to be in the Loess erosion ditch. Based on multi source data, based on the multi source data, the automatic extraction system of loess erosion gully is constructed, and the automatic extraction of erosion gully in the soil and water erosion area of the Loess Plateau is realized. On this basis, the characteristic analysis index of the erosion gully is designed. Based on the different watershed levels, the analysis is made on different spatial scales. The regional difference characteristics of the erosion gully and the characteristic zoning of the erosion gully in the study area are realized. Finally, through the correlation analysis of the characteristics of the erosion gully, soil, vegetation coverage, and land use, the influence mechanism of the regional difference of the erosion gully is analyzed. The main contents and conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) systematic analysis is made. The definition of erosion gully is defined, and the basic definition, development process and basic characteristics of erosion gully are clarified in this study. The types of erosion gully are divided from the angle of erosion age, morphological characteristics, erosion characteristics and scale grade. In addition, on the basis of the existing linear river network, positive and negative topography analysis and other loess erosion gully research perspective, it is further proposed. (2) an automatic extraction method of erosion gully based on high resolution terrain and image data is designed, and the automatic extraction of two layers of erosion gully in three typical small basin sample areas (Suide kiln house gully, Ansai paper mill ditch and Changwu Liu Gou) is realized, and a better extraction is achieved. (3) an automatic extraction method of erosion gully based on medium resolution data is designed. In view of the need for the extraction of erosion gully in large area, an algorithm for fusion of terrain skeleton information and image features is proposed. On the basis of the extraction results of the object oriented image analysis, the water sink network is incorporated as the terrain skeleton information to modify the erosion ditch. The results show that the fusion strategy effectively makes up the lack of the characteristic expression of the medium resolution data to the erosion ditch, and the improvement effect of the terrain skeleton information on the erosion ditch extraction is obvious. Based on this method, the erosion ditch of the soil and water erosion area in the whole loess plateau is automatically extracted. (4) the quantitative analysis index of the erosion gully is constructed. Based on the characteristics analysis and hot spot analysis under different hierarchical basin units, the regional difference characteristics of the erosion gully are revealed from different perspectives. Based on the two indexes of the erosion ditch and the longitudinal gradient of the main gully channel of the erosion gully, the zoning system is constructed from two angles of the erosion ditch development and the development potential of the erosion gully, and the soil and water soil of the Loess Plateau is finally obtained. The characteristic zoning map of the erosion gully in the key drain area is divided into 9 erosive gully. The geographical division of the Loess erosion gully itself is the effective supplement to the existing soil erosion area and the geomorphologic subarea, which can provide the important reference for the loess landform and soil and water conservation research. (5) the characteristics and terrain of the erosion gully and the soil are explored. The correlation of soil erosion intensity with soil, vegetation cover, land use and soil erosion shows that the erosion ditch separation and erosion density have a good correlation with soil erosion intensity, and the correlation of the erosion ditch separations is stronger, which indicates that the erosion gully is more advantageous in the evaluation of regional soil erosion. It has a certain correlation, but with area elevation integration, the correlation of vegetation coverage is poor. In terms of soil types, Huang Miantu, cinnamon, chestnut soil and gray cinnamon soil are widely distributed in the soil and water erosion areas of the Loess Plateau, and it is easy to develop erosion gully. This study is based on the object extraction, pattern analysis, and mechanism exploration geography. The research paradigm reveals the external manifestation and internal mechanism of regional differences in erosion gully, and promotes the research of digital terrain analysis and loess landform.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S157
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本文編號(hào)：2000678