本文選題：森林聲景觀 + 鳥鳴聲　； 參考：《中國林業(yè)科學(xué)研究院》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文以深圳市園山風(fēng)景區(qū)為研究范圍,于2015年8月至2016年4月,選取風(fēng)景區(qū)內(nèi)3種城市森林作為實驗樣地,對不同樣地不同季節(jié)內(nèi)的晝夜24小時的森林聲音、小氣候和植被數(shù)據(jù)進行采集與統(tǒng)計,研究了森林聲景觀的時空變化規(guī)律并基于時空變化的規(guī)律性特點選取典型聲音類型,進行聲景觀主觀評價與生理變化試驗。初步得出以下結(jié)論:(1)從不同季節(jié)森林聲景觀特點來看,春季的森林聲景觀變化豐富且以鳥鳴聲為主,夏季森林聲景觀整體變化較弱,以蟲鳴為主且聲音環(huán)境熱鬧,秋冬季森林聲景觀以幽靜、平和為主。(2)森林聲景觀在不同季節(jié)的日變化表現(xiàn)出不同的規(guī)律,其中:(1)春季鳥鳴活動日變化呈“U”型,有兩個日峰值,第一個峰值發(fā)生在清晨5:00-7:00間,第二個峰值發(fā)生在傍晚17:00-19:00間;蟲鳴日變化有3個波谷,活躍期集中在7:00-15:00間,在清晨5:00-7:00和傍晚17:00-19:00最弱。春季蟲鳴活動的最弱期與鳥類活動活躍期重合,表明春季鳥鳴與蟲鳴活動具有“此消彼長”的規(guī)律。(2)夏季鳥鳴活動日變化呈“N”型,有兩個日峰值,第一個峰值發(fā)生在清晨7:00-9:00間,第二個峰值發(fā)生在傍晚17:00-19:00間;蟲鳴活動有兩個波谷,出現(xiàn)在夜間23:00-1:00間和午后11:00-13:00間�；钴S期集中在3:00-9:00和17:00-23:00間。(3)秋冬季鳥鳴日變化呈“W”型或“三峰兩谷”型,鳥類鳴叫活動高峰出現(xiàn)在清晨7:00-9:00間與下午15:00-17:00間;蟲鳴活動有3個日峰值,分別出現(xiàn)在凌晨3:00-5:00間、中午11:00以及夜間19:00-21:00間,蟲鳴活躍期主要集中在21:00-次日1:00間。秋冬季的蟲鳴與鳥鳴活動變化具有一定的協(xié)同性,呈現(xiàn)“交相輝映”的變化特征。(3)從鳥鳴聲頻率的變化來看,鳥鳴聲頻率變化春季最為豐富,其次是秋冬季,最后是夏季。蟲鳴聲頻率變化夏季最豐富,其次是春季,最后是秋冬季。不同季節(jié)內(nèi)蟲鳴和鳥鳴頻率隨時間變化呈現(xiàn)不同的變化特征,表明3種城市森林內(nèi)活躍的鳥鳴和蟲鳴群落具有顯著差異。(4)鳥鳴與森林的空間結(jié)構(gòu)存在一定的相關(guān)關(guān)系,表現(xiàn)為鳥鳴活動越豐富,喬木層的Shannon-wiener指數(shù)越低,Pielou指數(shù)與Simpson指數(shù)則越高,而灌木層的各項指標與鳥鳴活動并無明顯聯(lián)系。另外,垂直結(jié)構(gòu)分布均勻,層次豐富且合理,利于鳥類飛翔的森林垂直空間結(jié)構(gòu)更有利于鳥鳴活動。(5)采用滿意度評分與SD調(diào)查結(jié)合的方法對森林聲景觀進行主觀評價分析,結(jié)果表明人們對不同類型的森林聲音的評價普遍優(yōu)于城市聲音。其中,鳥鳴聲常具有聲音分明、變化豐富、節(jié)奏感強等特點;蟲鳴聲具有聲音粗糙、變化單一、節(jié)奏弱等特點;鳥鳴與蟲鳴混合聲具有聲環(huán)境熱鬧、容易引起人情緒激動等特點。(6)森林聲音對人體康養(yǎng)具有一定的積極作用,可使人體更趨于平穩(wěn)、愉悅,且這樣的積極作用大于靜坐休息。鳥鳴聲對人體生理指標變化的影響最明顯,蟲鳴最弱。通過與心理評價的相關(guān)性分析發(fā)現(xiàn),人們對森林聲景觀的喜好程度可以通過心率、呼吸頻率以及皮膚電導(dǎo)率來體現(xiàn)。本文從客觀與主觀兩方面分析與評價了深圳園山風(fēng)景區(qū)內(nèi)3種城市森林的聲景觀資源,以期為今后的森林聲景觀研究提供一些思路和方法,發(fā)掘與保護珍貴的森林聲景觀資源,使人們可以享受到豐富多樣的優(yōu)質(zhì)森林聲景觀。
[Abstract]:From August 2015 to April 2016, 3 kinds of urban forests in the scenic area were selected as experimental plots, and the forest sound, microclimate and vegetation data were collected and counted in the 3 kinds of urban forests in the scenic area from August 2015 to April 2016, and the temporal and spatial variation of forest sound landscape was studied and based on the time of time. The regularity characteristics of air change selected typical sound types, subjective evaluation and physiological change test of sound landscape. The following conclusions are drawn as follows: (1) from the characteristics of forest sound landscape in different seasons, the forest sound landscape in spring is rich in sound landscape and is dominated by the sound of birds, and the overall change of forest sound landscape in summer is weak, and the main and sound ring is soundness. The forest sound landscape in autumn and winter is quiet and flat in winter and winter. (2) the daily variation of forest sound landscape in different seasons shows different rules. (1) the diurnal variation of bird's singing activity is "U", there are two daily peaks, the first peak occurs in the early morning 5:00-7: 00, the second peak occurs between 17:00-19:00 in the evening, and the diurnal change of the soundtrack. There are 3 wave valleys in which the active period is concentrated between 7:00-15:00 and the weakest in the early morning 5:00-7:00 and the evening 17:00-19:00. The weakest period of the spring insect chirp activity coincides with the active period of the bird activity. It shows that the spring bird's resonance and the activity of the insect chirp have "this trend of extinction". (2) the diurnal variation of bird's singing activity in summer is "N", with two daily peaks and the first peak. The value occurred between 7:00-9:00 in the early morning, second peaks occurred between 17:00-19:00 in the evening, and the activity of the insect had two valleys, appearing at night between 23:00-1:00 and 11:00-13:00 in the afternoon. The active period was concentrated between 3:00-9:00 and 17:00-23:00. (3) in autumn and winter, the diurnal variation of bird song was "W" or "three peak two valley", and the peak of bird singing activity appeared in the autumn and winter. In the morning between 7:00-9:00 and 15:00-17:00 in the morning, there are 3 daily peaks in the activity of the insect, which appear at 3:00-5:00 in the morning, at 11:00 at noon and between 19:00-21:00 at night, and the active period of the insects mainly concentrates at 1:00 on the next day of the 21:00-. From the change of the frequency of bird's sound, the frequency of birdsong is the most abundant in spring, followed by autumn and winter, and in the last summer. The frequency of the sound of the singing is the most abundant in summer, followed by spring, and finally in autumn and winter. The change of the frequency of the chirp and the birdsong in different seasons is different, indicating the active birds in the 3 kinds of urban forests. There are significant differences between the sounding and the sounding community. (4) there is a certain correlation between the bird's resonance and the spatial structure of the forest, which shows that the more rich the bird's resonance, the lower the Shannon-wiener index of the tree layer, the higher the Pielou index and the Simpson index, and there is no obvious relation between the indexes of the shrub layer and the birdsong activity. In addition, the vertical structure is evenly distributed. The forest vertical spatial structure is more conducive to the flight of birds. (5) the subjective evaluation and analysis of forest sound landscape are carried out by the method of satisfaction score and SD investigation. The results show that the evaluation of the sound of different types of forest is superior to the city sound. It is distinct, rich in change and strong in rhythm; the sound of the sound of insects has the characteristics of rough sound, single change and weak rhythm, and the mixed sound of bird's sonic and insect chirp has the characteristics of sound environment and excitement and so on. (6) the sound of the forest has a positive effect on the health of the human body, which can make the human body more stable, pleasing, and active. The influence of bird's sound on the changes of physiological indexes is the most obvious, and the soundtrack is the weakest. Through the correlation analysis with the psychological evaluation, it is found that people's preference for forest sound landscape can be reflected by heart rate, respiratory frequency and skin conductivity. This paper analyzes and evaluates the Shenzhen garden from two aspects of subjective and subjective aspects. The sound landscape resources of 3 kinds of urban forest in the mountain scenic area, in order to provide some ideas and methods for the future research of forest sound landscape, to excavate and protect the precious forest sound landscape resources, so that people can enjoy a variety of high quality forest sound landscape.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國林業(yè)科學(xué)研究院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S718.5

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