本文選題：湖泊 + 湖灣區(qū)��； 參考：《重慶大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：湖泊是陸地水圈的重要組成部分,是流域物質(zhì)的儲存庫。我國湖泊水環(huán)境狀況不容樂觀,處于富營養(yǎng)化的湖泊數(shù)量約占湖泊總個數(shù)的43.7%。深水湖庫夏季出現(xiàn)水溫分層現(xiàn)象,底層溶解氧較低,導致內(nèi)源釋放,容易引起水體的富營養(yǎng)化。為改善水體分層時底層缺氧的狀況開發(fā)了多種曝氣方式,但都不適用于景觀水體。重慶市園博園龍景湖聽雨橋湖灣水力條件差,夏季存在水溫分層現(xiàn)象,底部水體溶解氧低引起內(nèi)源釋放,為水體的富營養(yǎng)化提供了條件。綜合龍景湖聽雨橋湖灣水質(zhì)特征和園博園的景觀要求設(shè)計了一種噴泉高度、吸水深度可調(diào)的復氧噴泉。目前,對噴泉復氧技術(shù)的研究只處于初步階段沒有進行深入的探索。因此,該文針對復氧噴泉的安裝、運行方式及噴泉安裝湖灣區(qū)的水環(huán)境進行了初步的研究。試驗內(nèi)容和結(jié)論如下:①對重慶市園博園龍景湖聽雨橋湖灣水環(huán)境年際變化特征進行了監(jiān)測,結(jié)果表明,春夏季湖灣水體透明度在0.5m左右,綜合富營養(yǎng)化指數(shù)在58以上,水體處于輕度富營養(yǎng)化狀態(tài);秋冬季透明度升高到0.8m以上,最高可達2m,綜合富營養(yǎng)化指數(shù)在45以下,水體處于中營養(yǎng)或貧營養(yǎng)狀態(tài)。透明度與綜合富營養(yǎng)化指數(shù)呈現(xiàn)顯著的負相關(guān)關(guān)系(相關(guān)系數(shù)為-0.91,R2為0.80)。②對聽雨橋湖灣溶解氧飽和度的月變化特征以及水溫分層跟溶解氧分層的關(guān)系進行了研究。結(jié)果表明,溶解氧飽和度呈現(xiàn)出明顯的季節(jié)性差異,夏季高冬季低,夏季表層水體的溶解氧飽和度呈現(xiàn)出超飽和狀態(tài),最大可達220%,冬季DO飽和度在48%~50%之間沒有達到飽和狀態(tài);水體的垂向監(jiān)測結(jié)果表明,夏季溶解氧飽和度表層高底層低,存在明顯的分層現(xiàn)象,冬季溶解氧飽和度分層現(xiàn)象消失,表層底層差異不大;水溫分層會導致水體中溶解氧的分層,水溫分層梯度小于溶解氧分層梯度,聽雨橋湖灣水溫分層的臨界溫度為25℃,而溶解氧分層的臨界值為24℃。③對龍景湖聽雨橋湖灣水環(huán)境因子的相關(guān)性進行理論分析研究,結(jié)果表明,溶解氧同電導率呈顯著的指數(shù)相關(guān),同p H、氧化還原電位(ORP)呈顯著的正相關(guān)。湖灣水體各層總氮總磷呈現(xiàn)顯著的正相關(guān),但是同葉綠素a的相關(guān)性不顯著,水體富營養(yǎng)化受到水體中多種環(huán)境因子的影響。④結(jié)合前期試驗研究繼續(xù)開展對聽雨橋湖灣噴泉安裝運行方式的研究,結(jié)果表明,噴頭宜選擇復氧效果好的禮花噴頭;噴泉高度,春夏季宜選擇0.5m,不宜過高,符合景觀要求即可,秋冬季宜選擇3.0m;吸水深度,春夏季宜選擇5~7m,吸水口宜在中下層水體,不宜過深接觸到底泥,秋冬季吸水深度對復氧效果影響較小,但從對水體擾動角度考慮,建議吸水深度在表層1m以下;從復氧效果和節(jié)能效果綜合考慮建議運行時間為,夏季:上午9:00~11:00,下午13:00~17:00,冬季:上午9:00~11:30,下午15:00~18:00,在此時間段內(nèi),可根據(jù)實際情況在適當?shù)臅r間段內(nèi)關(guān)閉復氧設(shè)備。⑤對聽雨橋湖灣噴泉的復氧范圍進行了分析,聽雨橋湖灣噴泉為直線型長40m,單排布置,測試結(jié)果表明,噴泉服務(wù)面積為70m×120m,可基本覆蓋整個聽雨橋湖灣。噴泉服務(wù)范圍內(nèi)的DO比復氧范圍外的DO提高了1mg/L,提高了約40%。通過對湖灣噴泉安裝運行方式試驗研究,得到一套適用于類似聽雨橋湖灣水體的噴泉復氧技術(shù)設(shè)計與運行維護方案,為景觀水體采用噴泉復氧技術(shù)提供指導和依據(jù)。對湖灣水體水環(huán)境因子、水體水質(zhì)改善效果的研究分析,為進一步研究噴泉復氧機理、營養(yǎng)鹽的釋放與預防抑制湖灣的富營養(yǎng)化提供了一定的理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Lake is an important part of the land water circle and the storage of material in the basin. The condition of the lake water environment in China is not optimistic. The water temperature stratification in the 43.7%. deepwater lake reservoir of the total number of eutrophic lakes accounts for the total number of lakes in summer, and the low dissolved oxygen at the bottom leads to the endogenous release and the eutrophication of the water body. A variety of aeration methods have been developed in the stratification of good water bodies, but all of them are not suitable for landscape water. The hydraulic conditions of the lake bay of the Dragon Jinghu Lake in Chongqing city garden are poor. There are water temperature stratification in the summer, and the low dissolved oxygen in the bottom water causes the internal release of the water, which provides the conditions for the eutrophication of the water body. The characteristics of water quality in the Bay and the landscape of Garden Expo Garden require the design of a kind of fountain with high water fountain and adjustable water absorption. At present, the research on the technology of fountain reoxygenation is not deeply explored at the initial stage. Therefore, this article is preliminary to the installation of the reoxygen fountain, the operation mode and the water environment of the fountain installation in the lake bay area. The contents and conclusions are as follows: (1) monitoring the interannual variation characteristics of the water environment of the Lake Bay Lake Bay, Chongqing Garden Expo Garden. The results show that the water transparency of the lake bay is about 0.5m in spring and summer, the comprehensive eutrophication index is above 58, the water body is in a mild eutrophication state, and the transparency in autumn and winter is higher than 0.8m. As high as 2m, the comprehensive eutrophication index is below 45, and the water body is in medium or poor nutrition state. Transparency has a significant negative correlation with the comprehensive eutrophication index (the correlation coefficient is -0.91, R2 is 0.80). The results show that the dissolved oxygen saturation shows a distinct seasonal difference, the high winter low in summer, the super saturation of the dissolved oxygen in the surface water body in summer, up to 220%, the saturation of DO in winter is not saturated with 48%~50%, and the vertical monitoring result of water body shows that the surface of dissolved oxygen saturation in summer is high. The stratification of dissolved oxygen in the surface of water is different. The stratification of water temperature will lead to the stratification of dissolved oxygen in the water body, the gradient of water temperature is less than the gradient of dissolved oxygen, and the critical temperature of water temperature stratification is 25 C, while the critical value of dissolved oxygen stratification is 24. The theoretical analysis of the correlation of water environmental factors in the long Jinghu Lake Bay Lake Bay shows that there is a significant exponential correlation between dissolved oxygen and electrical conductivity, and there is a significant positive correlation with P H and ORP. The total nitrogen total phosphorus in all layers of lake bay water shows a significant positive correlation, but the correlation with chlorophyll a is not significant, and the eutrophication of water body is not significant. The effect of various environmental factors in the water body. (4) the study on the installation and operation of the fountain in the Hu Wan Bay is carried out by the previous study. The results show that the sprinkler should choose the good reoxygenation effect. The fountain height and the spring and summer season should choose 0.5m, which should not be too high and meet the requirements of the landscape. In autumn and winter, it is appropriate to choose 3.0m; water absorption is suitable for the autumn and winter season. In depth, 5~7m should be selected in spring and summer season. The water absorption mouth should be in the middle and lower water bodies, not too deep to contact the bottom mud. In autumn and winter, the water absorption depth has little effect on the reoxygenation effect. But from the angle of water disturbance, it is suggested that the depth of water absorption is below the surface 1m; the proposed operation time is considered from the effect of reoxygenation and the energy saving effect, in summer: 9:00~11:00 in the morning. At noon 13:00~17:00, winter: 9:00~11:30 in the morning and 15:00~18:00 in the afternoon, the reoxygenation equipment can be closed within the appropriate time period according to the actual conditions. 5. The reoxygenation range of the fountain in the YYu Bridge Lake Bay is analyzed. The fountain of YYu Bridge Lake Bay is a linear long 40m and a single row arrangement. The test results show that the service area of the fountain is 70m * 120 M can basically cover the whole hearing of rain Bridge Lake Bay. The DO in the range of fountain service increases 1mg/L than DO outside the reoxygenation range. It improves about 40%. through the experimental study on the installation operation of the lake bay fountain, and obtains a set of design and operation maintenance scheme for the fountain reoxygenation technology suitable for the water of the lake bay, which is similar to the rain Bridge Lake Bay, and uses the fountain complex for the landscape water body. The study and analysis of the water environmental factors of Lake Bay and the effect of water quality improvement provide a theoretical basis for further research on the mechanism of the reoxygenation of the fountain, the release of nutrients and the prevention and suppression of the eutrophication of the lake bay.

【學位授予單位】：重慶大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X524

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