本文選題：郊野公園 + 用地類型��； 參考：《華東師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：上海市是一個(gè)高度城市化的城市,導(dǎo)致無尾兩棲類生境破碎化甚至喪失,而郊野公園作為上海市的重點(diǎn)建設(shè)對(duì)象,將會(huì)成為無尾兩棲類的重要棲息地。研究無尾兩棲類對(duì)郊野公園濕地生境的利用特征對(duì)于郊野公園濕地的建設(shè)以及提升其作為無尾兩棲類棲息地的生態(tài)服務(wù)功能有理論與應(yīng)用價(jià)值。本研究于2015和2016年的5月-9月,采用樣線法對(duì)上海市六個(gè)郊野公園的無尾兩棲類的種群數(shù)量進(jìn)行調(diào)查;并設(shè)置6 m × 3 m的矩形樣方采集其微生境數(shù)據(jù),分別記錄坡岸類型、坡岸角度、0.5 m處水深、對(duì)岸距離、水體鹽堿度、水體pH、水體溶解氧、水體溫度、挺水植被蓋度、浮葉植被蓋度、漂浮植被蓋度、沉水植被蓋度、喬木蓋度、灌木蓋度、草本蓋度15種微生境因子數(shù)據(jù)。統(tǒng)計(jì)無尾兩棲類的種類與數(shù)量,計(jì)算各種無尾兩棲類的優(yōu)勢(shì)度指數(shù)以及Shannon-Wiener多樣性指數(shù),均勻度指數(shù),利用ARCGIS對(duì)郊野公園的生境進(jìn)行解譯,從而了解兩棲類在景觀尺度上如何利用郊野公園的生境;對(duì)郊野公園濕地生境進(jìn)行細(xì)分,探究?jī)蓷悓?duì)于濕地微生境的利用特征;利用spSS17.0對(duì)15個(gè)微生境因子做主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA),最終確定6個(gè)主成分,使用CANOCO 5.0將這6個(gè)主成分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)與無尾兩棲類數(shù)量進(jìn)行冗余分析(Redundancy Analysis,RDA),從而了解各無尾兩棲類對(duì)于微生境因子的利用特征;采用R3.03軟件對(duì)于無尾兩棲類進(jìn)行卡方適合度檢驗(yàn),從而了解兩棲動(dòng)物之間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)關(guān)系。兩棲類調(diào)查共記錄到無尾兩棲類4科4屬5種2213只,包括中華大蟾蜍(Bufo gargarizans)、黑斑側(cè)褶蛙(Pelophylax nnigromaculata)、金線側(cè)褶蛙(P.planncyi)、澤陸蛙(Fejervarya multistriata)、飾紋姬蛙(Microhyla ornata)。(1)各郊野公園無尾兩棲類多樣性指數(shù)從大到小排序?yàn)槠纸�、松南、青西、廊下、長(zhǎng)興、嘉北郊野公園;而各無尾兩棲類優(yōu)勢(shì)度指數(shù)最大的為澤陸蛙0.48,初步判定澤陸蛙為上海市郊野公園中無尾兩棲類的優(yōu)勢(shì)物種;從景觀尺度上來看,適宜兩棲類生存的生境排序?yàn)闈竦剞r(nóng)田綠林地建筑;對(duì)濕地生境進(jìn)行細(xì)分,多樣性指數(shù)從大到小排序?yàn)闇锨恿鞒靥羶?nèi)陸雜類草沼澤湖泊。(2)微生境PCA結(jié)果顯示前6個(gè)主成分累計(jì)貢獻(xiàn)率達(dá)到60.92%,PCl中漂浮植被蓋和挺水植被蓋度為顯著變量,PC2中坡岸角度和坡岸類型為顯著變量,PC3中水體鹽度為顯著變量,PC4中喬木蓋度和草本蓋度為顯著變量,PC5中沉水植被蓋度和對(duì)岸距離為顯著變量,PC6中0.5 m處水深為顯著變量。(3)之后的RDA分析得到結(jié)論:黑斑側(cè)褶蛙適宜較高蓋度的水生植被、較大面積的陸生植被生境的微生境;金線側(cè)褶蛙適宜較高蓋度的水生植被與較大面積的陸生植被的微生境;飾紋姬蛙適宜水面開闊度小的水域以及具有較高鹽堿度的水質(zhì)的微生境;澤陸蛙適宜水淺、水體鹽堿度較小的微生境;中華蟾蜍適宜微生境為水深、漂浮植被蓋度較大以及挺水植被蓋度較大的微生境。(4)卡方適合度檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果:除了黑斑側(cè)褶蛙與澤陸蛙、飾紋姬蛙與澤陸蛙之間則不存在顯著差異以外,其他物種間兩兩比較均呈現(xiàn)顯著的差異。結(jié)合五種無尾兩棲類對(duì)于濕地微生境因子的利用特征,我們可以將其大致分為3類:第一類為黑斑側(cè)褶蛙和金線側(cè)褶蛙,它們受水域的限制較大;第二類為澤陸蛙和飾紋姬蛙,它們對(duì)于水體理化環(huán)境有一定要求;第三類為中華蟾蜍。(1)第一類兩棲類:它們的適宜微生境因子主要是水生植被以及水陸交界處岸邊植被。由于這兩種兩棲類利用的微生境因子類似,所以他們之間存在著相互競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的關(guān)系;(2)第二類兩棲類:他們的適宜微生境因子主要是水體理化環(huán)境。而澤陸蛙與飾紋姬蛙由于適宜的微生境因子條件正好相反,所以它們之間不存在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)關(guān)系。(3)第三類兩棲類相對(duì)而言對(duì)于對(duì)水面積、水體理化特性等因子沒有顯著關(guān)系,所以具有很強(qiáng)的適應(yīng)性,廣泛分布于各區(qū)域�？傮w來說,水體周圍較高的植被覆蓋率與水體中兩棲類的豐富度呈現(xiàn)正相關(guān)關(guān)系,水體理化環(huán)境對(duì)于兩棲類存在影響。根據(jù)以上研究結(jié)果,我們?yōu)樯虾Ｊ薪家肮珗@后續(xù)建設(shè)提出了保護(hù)建議。
[Abstract]:Shanghai is a highly urbanized city, which leads to the fragmentation and even loss of the habitat of the tailless amphibians. As the key construction object of Shanghai, country parks will become an important habitat for the tailless amphibians. The study of the characteristics of the utilization of the tailless amphibians to the wetland habitats of the country park and the construction and promotion of the country park wetlands The ecological service function of the habitat of the tailless amphibians has theoretical and application values. In this study, in the -9 month of May, 2015 and 2016, the sample line method was used to investigate the population of the tailless amphibians in six country parks in Shanghai, and a rectangular sample of 6 m x 3 m was set up to collect their microhabitat data, and the slope bank type and the slope bank were recorded respectively. Angle, 0.5 m water depth, opposite shore distance, water salinity, water body pH, water dissolved oxygen, water body temperature, vegetation coverage, floating vegetation coverage, floating vegetation coverage, submerged vegetation coverage, tree coverage, shrub coverage, herbaceous coverage of 15 microhabitat factors. Statistics of species and quantities of tailless amphibians, and the calculation of various tailless amphibians The dominance index, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index and the evenness index, use ARCGIS to interpret the habitat of country parks, so as to understand how amphibians use the habitat of country parks on the landscape scale, subdivide the wetland habitats of country parks, explore the characteristics of amphibians' utilization of wetland microhabitat, and use spSS17.0. 15 microhabitat factors (principal component analysis, PCA) were used to determine 6 principal components, and CANOCO 5 was used to analyze the 6 principal component data and the number of tailless amphibians (Redundancy Analysis, RDA), so as to understand the use characteristics of each tailless two habitat for microhabitat factors; and the R3.03 software was used. There are 5 species of amphibians, 5 species, 4 genera and 5 species of amphibians, including 5 species of Bufo gargarizans, Pelophylax nnigromaculata, P.planncyi, and Fejervarya multistriata (Fejervarya multistriata). (Microhyla ornata). (1) the species diversity index of the tailless amphibians in every country park from large to small is Pujiang, Songnan, Qingxi, porch, Changxin, Jiayin country park, and the largest of each tailless amphibian is 0.48 of the Rana Rana, which is the dominant species of the tailless amphibian in Shanghai country park; On the landscape scale, the habitats suitable for amphibians are the green forest buildings in Wetland Farmland, and the wetland habitats are subdivided, and the diversity index is from large to small. (2) the result of microhabitat PCA shows that the contribution rate of the first 6 principal components is 60.92%, the floating vegetation cover and the erect in the PCl The coverage of water vegetation is a significant variable, the angle of slope and the type of slope bank in PC2 are significant variables, the salinity of water body in PC3 is significant variable, the canopy and herbaceous coverage in PC4 are significant variables, the coverage and the distance of the submerged vegetation in PC5 are significant variables, and the water depth at 0.5 m in PC6 is a significant variable. (3) the RDA analysis is concluded after the black spot side. Pleat frog is suitable for high coverage aquatic vegetation, large area of terrestrial vegetation in microhabitat, high coverage aquatic vegetation and microhabitat of large area of terrestrial vegetation, the frog is suitable for small waters with small open breadth and high salinity water, and the frog is suitable for shallow water and water body. The small habitats of small salinity; the Chinese Bufo bufo gargarizans are suitable for the depth of water, the larger coverage of the floating vegetation and the larger vegetation coverage. (4) the results of the chi square suitability test: in addition to the black spotted frog and the Rana Rana, there is no significant difference between the frog and the Rana Rana, and the 22 of the other species are all displayed. In combination with the characteristics of the utilization of five species of amphibians for wetland microhabitat factors, we can roughly divide it into 3 categories: the first category is the black spotted frog and the golden line frog, which are restricted by the water waters; the second are the Rana Rana and the frogs, which have some requirements for the physical and chemical environment of the water body; the third type is the Chinese toad. (1) class I amphibians: their suitable microhabitat factors are mainly aquatic vegetation and shore edge vegetation at the water and land junction. Because of the similar microhabitat factors used by the two amphibians, there are competing relationships among them; (2) the second amphibians: their suitable microhabitat factors are mainly the physical and chemical environment of the water body. There is no competitive relationship between the frog and the frogs. (3) there is no significant relationship between the third types of amphibians for the water area and the physical and chemical properties of water body, so it has strong adaptability and widely distributed in various regions. Generally speaking, the water body is higher. There is a positive correlation between the vegetation coverage and the richness of amphibians in the water body. The physical and chemical environment of the water body has an impact on amphibians. According to the above results, we put forward the protection proposal for the follow-up construction of Shanghai country park.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：Q958.1

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