發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-08 00:08

  本文選題：3S技術(shù) + 地質(zhì)災(zāi)害��； 參考：《成都理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：地震誘發(fā)震區(qū)大范圍山體崩塌、滑坡、泥石流等次生地質(zhì)災(zāi)害,造成房屋倒塌、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施嚴(yán)重?fù)p毀,人民生命和財(cái)產(chǎn)遭到了巨大損失。地震次生地質(zhì)災(zāi)害是指由地震活動(dòng)引起的地質(zhì)災(zāi)害,地震次生地質(zhì)災(zāi)害增強(qiáng)了地震災(zāi)害的破壞效應(yīng),加劇了地震的損失程度,因此是地震災(zāi)害研究的重要組成部分。2008年汶川大地震造成大面積的地貌改變,誘發(fā)了大量的次生地質(zhì)災(zāi)害,主要有崩塌、滑坡、泥石流等,在這些進(jìn)入活躍期的震后次生地質(zhì)災(zāi)害中,崩塌、滑坡的活躍期將持續(xù)5~10年,泥石流的活躍期將持續(xù)10~20年。因此,開展汶川震區(qū)崩塌、滑坡地質(zhì)災(zāi)害的監(jiān)測,掌握地質(zhì)災(zāi)害發(fā)育演變特征,并及時(shí)進(jìn)行科學(xué)的預(yù)測預(yù)報(bào),對(duì)地質(zhì)災(zāi)害的防治和當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣竦纳踩徒?jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展尤為重要。以遙感為主的3S(RS,GIS,GPS)技術(shù)在地質(zhì)災(zāi)害監(jiān)測及分析上具有范圍廣、時(shí)效性強(qiáng)、精度高等優(yōu)勢,因此3S技術(shù)在崩塌、滑坡、泥石流等次生地質(zhì)災(zāi)害監(jiān)測領(lǐng)域中的應(yīng)用日趨廣泛,成為一種有效的監(jiān)測手段。本文選擇震后地質(zhì)災(zāi)害敏感地區(qū)映秀鎮(zhèn)—銀杏鄉(xiāng)為研究區(qū),利用3S技術(shù)對(duì)研究區(qū)的滑坡、崩塌地質(zhì)災(zāi)害進(jìn)行遙感監(jiān)測與分析。采用多源多時(shí)相的遙感影像數(shù)據(jù)(包括空間分辨率為0.5米的航空影像、2米分辨率的國產(chǎn)高分衛(wèi)星影像及15米分辨率的OLI圖像)和1:5萬地形圖為數(shù)據(jù)源,利用數(shù)字?jǐn)z影測量技術(shù)和GIS技術(shù)建立研究區(qū)的不同尺度的虛擬三維場景。根據(jù)遙感圖像解譯標(biāo)志及研究區(qū)地形地貌、地質(zhì)環(huán)境條件和周圍地物,對(duì)研究區(qū)域的崩塌、滑坡進(jìn)行遙感解譯和信息提取。通過基于L波段的高分辨率PALSAR雷達(dá)數(shù)據(jù)的有效處理獲取研究區(qū)地震前后地表形變信息,輔助判別地質(zhì)災(zāi)害信息。最后結(jié)合地質(zhì)災(zāi)害發(fā)育機(jī)理,選取成災(zāi)因子,通過對(duì)成災(zāi)因子與成災(zāi)數(shù)量和成災(zāi)面積的統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,選用信息量法、層次分析法和加權(quán)信息量法評(píng)價(jià)研究區(qū)崩塌、滑坡的易發(fā)性。本次研究所包含的內(nèi)容及取得的主要研究成果有以下幾個(gè)方面:(1)在利用多源遙感影像進(jìn)行信息提取時(shí)首先對(duì)圖像進(jìn)行了預(yù)處理,預(yù)處理的結(jié)果影響著后期遙感影像地理位置的精度及信息提取的準(zhǔn)確度。建立了研究區(qū)三維可視化模型,該模型能夠真實(shí)、客觀、多角度地分析地表景觀,提高了研究區(qū)地質(zhì)災(zāi)害的遙感解譯精度和效率。(2)基于L波段的高分辨率PALSAR雷達(dá)數(shù)據(jù),經(jīng)過圖像配準(zhǔn)、干涉圖生成、去平地效應(yīng)、干涉圖濾波、相位解纏等處理,將SAR圖像生成的干涉紋圖(兩幅影像獲取前后地表發(fā)生形變)與汶川地區(qū)用DEM模擬的地表信息進(jìn)行差分,得到研究區(qū)地表形變信息。(3)本文利用高精度航空遙感影像及其三維可視化動(dòng)態(tài)分析,和基于PALSAR數(shù)據(jù)提取的地表形變信息,結(jié)合野外考察資料,對(duì)崩塌、滑坡在影像上的表現(xiàn)特征進(jìn)行綜合分析,建立崩塌、滑坡的解譯標(biāo)志,完成崩滑地質(zhì)災(zāi)害信息提取。提取出研究區(qū)內(nèi)2008年震后崩滑地質(zhì)災(zāi)害60處,受災(zāi)面積7.56495km2,提取出2013年研究區(qū)內(nèi)崩滑地質(zhì)災(zāi)害點(diǎn)34處,受災(zāi)面積1.06352km2。對(duì)比分析了研究區(qū)內(nèi)2008年和2013年崩滑地質(zhì)災(zāi)害的變化情況及其空間分布特征。(4)在分析崩塌、滑坡體形成條件和形成規(guī)律的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合前人研究成果,選取地形坡度、地形坡向、地面高程、地層巖性、水系分布、植被覆蓋等6個(gè)因子對(duì)研究區(qū)崩塌、滑坡發(fā)育特征進(jìn)行分析,通過信息量法、層次分析法及加權(quán)信息量法得到研究區(qū)崩滑體的易發(fā)性評(píng)價(jià)。
[Abstract]:The earthquake induced a large range of landslides, landslides, debris flow and other secondary geological disasters, resulting in the collapse of the buildings, the serious damage to the infrastructure and the huge loss of the people's lives and property. The secondary geological disasters are the geological disasters caused by the earthquake activity, and the secondary geological disasters have enhanced the damage effect of the earthquake disaster and intensified the earthquake disaster. The damage degree of the earthquake, therefore, is an important part of the earthquake disaster research in the Wenchuan large earthquake caused by the large area of the geomorphic changes, induced a large number of secondary geological disasters, mainly landslides, landslides, debris flow and so on, in these active period after the earthquake secondary earth disaster, the active period of collapse and landslide will continue for 5~10 years, The active period of debris flow will continue for 10~20 years. Therefore, it is very important to carry out the monitoring of the landslides and landslide geological disasters in the Wenchuan earthquake area, to grasp the characteristics of the development and evolution of geological disasters and to carry out scientific prediction and forecast in time. It is particularly important for the prevention and control of geological disasters and the life safety and economic development of the local people. The technology of remote sensing based 3S (RS, GIS, GPS) is in the ground. The monitoring and analysis of qualitative disasters has the advantages of wide range, strong timeliness and high precision. Therefore, 3S technology has been widely used in the field of secondary geological disaster monitoring, such as collapse, landslide and debris flow, and becomes an effective monitoring means. This paper selects Yingxiu Town, ginkgo Township, a sensitive area after the earthquake, and uses 3S technology. Remote sensing monitoring and analysis of landslides and landslides in the study area, using remote sensing image data of multi source and multi time phase (including aerial images with spatial resolution of 0.5 meters, domestic high satellite image of 2 meter resolution and OLI image of 15 meter resolution) and 1:5 million topographic map as data sources, using digital photogrammetry and GIS techniques The virtual three-dimensional scene of different scales in the study area is established. According to the interpretation of the remote sensing images and the topography, geomorphology, geological environment and surrounding objects, remote sensing interpretation and information extraction of the landslides and landslides in the study area are carried out. The seismic data of the high resolution PALSAR radar based on L band are used to obtain the earthquake area. Before and after the deformation information of the ground surface, the geological disaster information is discriminate. Finally, according to the geological disaster development mechanism, the disaster factors are selected. Through the statistical analysis of the disaster factors and the number of disaster and the disaster area, the information quantity method is selected, the analytic hierarchy process and the weighted information method are used to evaluate the collapse of the study area and the vulnerability of the landslide. The main achievements of the research are as follows: (1) the image preprocessing is first processed in the use of multi source remote sensing images. The result of preprocessing affects the accuracy of the location of the remote sensing image and the accuracy of information extraction. Objective and multi angle analysis of the surface landscape to improve the accuracy and efficiency of remote sensing interpretation of geological hazards in the study area. (2) based on the L band high resolution PALSAR radar data, through image registration, interferogram generation, to the ground effect, interferogram filtering, phase unwrapping, and so on, the interference pattern generated by the SAR image (two images are obtained before and after. " The surface deformation of the Wenchuan area is different from the surface information simulated by DEM. (3) this paper uses the high precision aerial remote sensing image and its three-dimensional visualization dynamic analysis, and the ground deformation information based on the PALSAR data, and combined with the field investigation data, the performance characteristics of the landslides and landslides on the image A comprehensive analysis is made to establish the interpretation sign of collapse and landslide and to complete the geological disaster information extraction of landslide and slide. 60 geological disasters in 2008 after the earthquake in the study area are extracted and the affected area 7.56495km2 is extracted. 34 of the landslides in the study area in 2013 are extracted, and the disaster area in 2008 and 2013 in the study area is compared and analyzed. (4) on the basis of the analysis of the collapse, the formation conditions and the formation rules of the landslide body, combined with the previous research results, we select the terrain slope, the terrain slope, the ground elevation, the lithology, the distribution of the water system, the vegetation cover and so on, and analyze the landslides and the characteristics of the landslide development. The information entropy method, analytic hierarchy process and weighted information method are used to evaluate the susceptibility of landslide in the study area.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P694

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

1 劉鳳民;張立海;劉海青;張業(yè)成;;中國地震次生地質(zhì)災(zāi)害危險(xiǎn)性評(píng)價(jià)[J];地質(zhì)力學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2006年02期

2 王少東;四川暴雨滑坡的成因及其預(yù)報(bào)和防治[J];水土保持通報(bào);1982年02期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 魏子寅;基于無人機(jī)正射影像進(jìn)行土地利用/土地覆蓋分析[D];內(nèi)蒙古師范大學(xué);2013年

，

本文編號(hào)：1859060