本文選題：湖泊緩沖帶 + GIS��； 參考：《青島理工大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：湖泊富營養(yǎng)化現(xiàn)象屢見不鮮,引起了社會的高度關(guān)注。如何有效防治非點源污染對湖泊水體的危害一直是近幾年的研究熱點。湖泊緩沖帶規(guī)劃是對湖泊及周邊環(huán)境的專項規(guī)劃,是為了更好地保護湖泊水體,從湖泊管理角度劃定的,緩解或減輕人類活動對湖泊水環(huán)境和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的破壞、干擾和污染的隔離生境。湖泊緩沖帶對于防治面源污染、減緩湖泊生態(tài)環(huán)境惡化、修復生態(tài)系統(tǒng)具有重要的意義和作用,已引起學術(shù)界和管理部門的高度重視。構(gòu)建湖泊緩沖帶,范圍是需要考慮的重要問題。范圍太小,不能起到良好的效果,范圍太大又會導致資源的浪費。鑒于我國土地資源的緊缺和社會發(fā)展的需要,如何為緩沖帶確定一個科學合理的范圍已經(jīng)是湖泊緩沖帶規(guī)劃的首要難題。本項研究在深刻剖析湖泊緩沖帶的內(nèi)涵和作用機制的基礎(chǔ)上,充分考慮緩沖地內(nèi)的土地利用、自然環(huán)境、功能定位、管理水平和社會支持程度等因素對緩沖帶范圍的影響,以非點源污染負荷的最終入湖量為控制目標,制定出一套湖泊緩沖帶范圍劃定的方法體系,并且在太湖竺山灣進行了實際應(yīng)用。該方法體系結(jié)合了非點源污染負荷輸出模型、湖泊水環(huán)境承載力模型、物種面積曲線和Arc GIS技術(shù),具有堅實的科學基礎(chǔ),是湖泊緩沖帶規(guī)劃工作的一大進步。本文具有如下創(chuàng)新點:率先在國內(nèi)進行了流域尺度上的湖泊緩沖帶規(guī)劃研究,建立了一套針對緩沖帶范圍規(guī)劃技術(shù)和流程,并運用在太湖竺山灣的緩沖帶規(guī)劃評估中;研究方法中運用景觀生態(tài)學和水文學原理進行受納水體非點源污染危險性評價,識別非點源污染關(guān)鍵源區(qū),以此來指示緩沖帶的范圍,為湖泊緩沖帶的規(guī)劃提供了新的方法和思路。本文取得的主要成果如下:(1)基于GIS平臺,利用河流網(wǎng)絡(luò)分析和流域單元分析技術(shù)分析了非點源污染“源”、“匯”景觀空間分布格局對受納水體的影響。(2)研究出一種湖泊緩沖帶范圍規(guī)劃方法體系,以小流域單元做為研究對象,從非點源污染物的產(chǎn)生和遷移兩方面來分析各流域單元對湖泊水環(huán)境的影響程度,利用原地產(chǎn)污和距離權(quán)重分析方法對受納水體進行了非點源污染危險性評價,以此來確定緩沖帶的合理分布。(3)總結(jié)大量文獻,用層次分析法(AHP)確定了各土地利用斑塊的產(chǎn)污權(quán)重。(4)利用文中建立的方法體系,在竺山灣進行了實證研究,確定了竺山灣的緩沖帶范圍。
[Abstract]:Lake eutrophication is a common phenomenon, which has aroused great concern of the society. How to effectively prevent and control the harm of non-point source pollution to lake water has been a hot research topic in recent years. Lake buffer zone planning is a special plan for lake and its surrounding environment, which is designed to better protect lake water bodies, and to mitigate or mitigate the damage caused by human activities to lake water environment and ecosystem from the point of view of lake management. A segregated habitat that interferes with and pollutes. Lake buffer zone plays an important role in preventing and controlling non-point source pollution, slowing down the deterioration of lake ecological environment, and restoring ecosystem, which has attracted great attention from academia and management departments. The scope of lake buffer zone is an important problem to be considered. The scope is too small to have a good effect, and too large will lead to waste of resources. In view of the shortage of land resources and the need of social development, how to determine a scientific and reasonable range of buffer zones has become the primary problem in the planning of lake buffer zones. On the basis of deeply analyzing the connotation and mechanism of lake buffer zone, this study fully considered the influence of land use, natural environment, function orientation, management level and social support on the buffer zone. Taking the final inflow of non-point source pollution load as the control target, a set of method system for the determination of lake buffer zone was developed and applied in Zhushan Bay, Taihu Lake. This method system combines non-point source pollution load output model, lake water environment carrying capacity model, species area curve and Arc GIS technology. It has a solid scientific foundation and is a great progress in the planning of lake buffer zone. The innovation of this paper is as follows: firstly, the lake buffer zone planning on watershed scale is studied in China, and a set of buffer zone planning techniques and processes are established, which are applied in the buffer zone planning evaluation of Zhushan Bay, Taihu Lake; Landscape ecology and hydrology principles are used to evaluate the risk of non-point source pollution in water bodies, and the key sources of non-point source pollution are identified to indicate the range of buffer zone. It provides a new method and thought for the planning of lake buffer zone. The main achievements of this paper are as follows: (1) based on the GIS platform, the "source" of non-point source pollution is analyzed by using river network analysis and watershed unit analysis technology. The influence of "sink" landscape spatial distribution pattern on the receiving water body. (2) A kind of lake buffer zone range planning method system is developed. The small watershed unit is taken as the research object. The influence degree of each watershed unit on lake water environment is analyzed from two aspects of the generation and migration of non-point source pollutants, and the non-point source pollution risk assessment is carried out by using the original real estate pollution and distance weight analysis method. In order to determine the reasonable distribution of buffer zone, a large number of literatures are summarized, and the weight of pollution production of each land use patch is determined by analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The method system established in this paper is used to carry out an empirical study in Zhushan Bay. The range of buffer zone in Zhushan Bay is determined.
【學位授予單位】：青島理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X524

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 劉曉;王雷;高佩玲;;利用幾何網(wǎng)絡(luò)提取河網(wǎng)徑流節(jié)點的方法研究[J];測繪科學;2011年05期

2 張榮保,姚琪,計勇,王鵬;太湖地區(qū)典型小流域非點源污染物流失規(guī)律——以宜興梅林小流域為例[J];長江流域資源與環(huán)境;2005年01期

3 胡小貞;許秋瑾;蔣麗佳;董思遠;金丹越;;湖泊緩沖帶范圍劃定的初步研究——以太湖為例[J];湖泊科學;2011年05期

4 趙冰雪;夏敏;王雷;班偉;姜海;;無錫市不同土地利用類型非點源污染負荷變化分析[J];安徽農(nóng)業(yè)大學學報;2012年06期

5 張水龍;;基于流域單元的農(nóng)業(yè)非點源污染負荷估算[J];農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境科學學報;2007年01期

6 王在峰;徐敏;包蓉;;基于保護對象的海島特別保護區(qū)范圍劃定技術(shù)[J];南京師大學報(自然科學版);2011年01期

7 董思遠;許秋瑾;胡小貞;王玉;;太湖緩沖帶土地利用現(xiàn)狀及變化[J];農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境與發(fā)展;2012年04期

8 侯利萍;何萍;錢金平;賈俊艷;徐杰;;河岸緩沖帶寬度確定方法研究綜述[J];濕地科學;2012年04期

9 劉平;;南通平原河網(wǎng)水系特征與保護研究[J];江蘇水利;2014年03期

10 諸葛亦斯;劉德富;黃鈺鈴;;生態(tài)河流緩沖帶構(gòu)建技術(shù)初探[J];水資源與水工程學報;2006年02期

相關(guān)博士學位論文 前1條

1 左俊杰;平原河網(wǎng)地區(qū)河岸植被緩沖帶定量規(guī)劃研究[D];華東師范大學;2011年

，

本文編號：1821166