本文選題：濱海鹽堿地 + 土地改良��； 參考：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：土地是所有農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的基礎(chǔ),濱海鹽堿地作為土地資源的一種特有形式,其開發(fā)利用涉及到方方面面。在濱海地區(qū),由于氣候、地理及人類活動的影響,土壤通常因為含鹽量高而致使大多數(shù)植物的生長受到不同程度的抑制,甚至死亡,進(jìn)而造成了土地利用率低、生態(tài)環(huán)境的惡化,地面景觀極度蕭條。我國在鹽堿地改良治理方面已經(jīng)具有了豐富的經(jīng)驗,但在景觀設(shè)計層面上的研究相對薄弱,這就需要借鑒當(dāng)前國際上較為先進(jìn)的生產(chǎn)性景觀的設(shè)計理念與手法。生產(chǎn)性景觀通常是在因地制宜的基礎(chǔ)上建立起來的,能夠更好適應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)氐沫h(huán)境,并能有效促進(jìn)區(qū)域生態(tài)環(huán)境改善和生物多樣性的發(fā)展。在我國人多地少,耕地資源尤為短缺的情況下,如何通過生產(chǎn)性景觀的引入來有效改良鹽漬土地,提高土地利用效率,提升景觀效果,成為我們研究的課題。文章以鹽堿地改良利用和生產(chǎn)性景觀為研究對象,以濰坊市勝偉鹽堿地改造示范園為案例進(jìn)行歸劃研究,將上述理論進(jìn)行實(shí)踐。從擴(kuò)大生產(chǎn)和提高審美的角度出發(fā),通過鹽漬土改良、水系營建等技術(shù)措施來對場地進(jìn)行基礎(chǔ)整理;貫徹中國傳統(tǒng)園林中“相地合宜,因地制宜”原理,順應(yīng)濰坊濱海鹽堿地的自然資源現(xiàn)狀,結(jié)合農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和觀光需求來進(jìn)行田園景觀的營造。根據(jù)耐鹽堿性能和農(nóng)業(yè)價值以及生態(tài)修復(fù)功能來選擇生產(chǎn)要素,合理布局農(nóng)、林、牧、漁等產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu),引入現(xiàn)代化設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè),保證園區(qū)全面發(fā)展。園區(qū)劃分為八個功能區(qū):耐鹽堿水稻種植區(qū)-農(nóng)田景觀、堿蓬種植區(qū)-菜畦景觀、智能溫室區(qū)-現(xiàn)代設(shè)施景觀、日光溫室蔬果生產(chǎn)區(qū)、耐鹽堿植物園區(qū)-植物景觀、咸水養(yǎng)殖區(qū)-漁業(yè)景觀、耐鹽牧草種植區(qū)-草牧景觀(設(shè)立循環(huán)農(nóng)業(yè))、露天果品采摘園-果園景觀。此外,設(shè)立水稻種植體驗中心和土地租賃種植中心,為大眾提供即時性和永久性的勞動生產(chǎn)體驗需求。每個模塊既是生產(chǎn)中心又是景觀平臺,在此基礎(chǔ)上形成區(qū)域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的平衡和生物多樣性的恢復(fù)發(fā)展,最終促進(jìn)鹽堿地生產(chǎn)和景觀的良性發(fā)展與有機(jī)結(jié)合。
[Abstract]:Land is the basis of all agricultural production. As a special form of land resources, the exploitation and utilization of coastal saline land involves many aspects. In coastal areas, because of the influence of climate, geography and human activities, the soil is usually high in salt content, which causes the growth of most plants to be restrained or even died in varying degrees, resulting in low land use efficiency. The deterioration of the ecological environment, the ground landscape is extremely depressed. Our country has already had rich experience in saline-alkali land improvement and management, but the research on landscape design is relatively weak, which needs to draw lessons from the design ideas and techniques of the more advanced productive landscape in the world at present. Productive landscape is usually built on the basis of local conditions, which can better adapt to the local environment, and can effectively promote the improvement of regional ecological environment and the development of biodiversity. Under the situation that there are many people and less land in our country and the cultivated land resources are especially short, how to improve the salinized land effectively through the introduction of productive landscape, improve the efficiency of land use and enhance the effect of landscape has become the subject of our research. This paper takes the saline-alkali land improvement and utilization and productive landscape as the research object, takes the Weifang Shengwei saline-alkali land reconstruction demonstration garden as the case study, carries on the above theory to carry on the practice. From the point of view of expanding production and improving aesthetics, through technical measures such as salinized soil improvement, water system construction, etc., to carry out the basic arrangement of the site, and to carry out the principle of "suitable place for each other, according to local conditions" in Chinese traditional gardens. In accordance with the current situation of natural resources of coastal saline-alkali land in Weifang, combining agricultural production and sightseeing demand, the construction of pastoral landscape is carried out. According to saline-alkali resistance, agricultural value and ecological restoration function, the factors of production should be selected, the industrial structure of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery should be rationally distributed, and modern facility agriculture should be introduced to ensure the overall development of the park. The park is divided into eight functional areas: saline-tolerant rice planting area-farmland landscape, Suaeda salsa planting area-vegetable plot landscape, intelligent greenhouse area-modern facility landscape, fruit and vegetable production area in solar greenhouse, saline-alkali tolerant botanical garden area-plant landscape, Salt water culture area-fishery landscape, salt tolerant forage planting area-grass grazing landscape (setting up circular agriculture, open-pit fruit picking garden-orchard landscape. In addition, the establishment of rice cultivation experience center and land rental center to provide immediate and permanent labor experience for the public. Each module is not only the production center but also the landscape platform, on the basis of which the balance of regional ecosystem and the restoration and development of biodiversity are formed, and finally the benign development and organic combination of saline-alkali land production and landscape are promoted.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU984.18

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