本文選題：地形梯度 + 土地利用景觀格局��； 參考：《河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：土地利用景觀格局劇烈的變化會對區(qū)域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)和功能造成一定影響,地形是山區(qū)土地利用景觀格局形成和變化的重要自然限制因子。以往的土地資源優(yōu)化配置研究多以經(jīng)濟效益最大化為目標(biāo),關(guān)注土地數(shù)量結(jié)構(gòu)分配問題,忽視了空間格局因素對生態(tài)過程產(chǎn)生的影響,格局的形成和發(fā)展是在自然和社會因子雙重作用下從空間結(jié)構(gòu)和數(shù)量結(jié)構(gòu)所表現(xiàn)出來的。本研究以地形與土地利用之間的關(guān)系為切入點,以典型冀西北間山盆地區(qū)懷來縣為研究區(qū),對研究區(qū)1993、2003、2013年三期遙感影像進行處理,利用土地動態(tài)度、信息圖譜、景觀格局指數(shù)等對懷來縣1993-2013年期間的土地利用景觀變化特征及格局進行系統(tǒng)的分析,并應(yīng)用logistic回歸模型分析了土地利用景觀格局變化的驅(qū)動力;探討了地形與土地利用景觀格局之間的關(guān)系,劃分了相應(yīng)的景觀主導(dǎo)類型梯度區(qū);運用最小累積阻力模型構(gòu)建了生態(tài)源地、生態(tài)廊道和生態(tài)節(jié)點等景觀組分,并對生態(tài)節(jié)點重要性進行了評價,劃分出相應(yīng)的土地利用景觀優(yōu)化布局分區(qū)。通過研究,可以得出以下結(jié)論:(1)1993-2013年間,懷來縣土地利用景觀格局變化呈現(xiàn)破碎化程度上升,連通性呈現(xiàn)下降的趨勢,土地利用景觀格局的穩(wěn)定性在降低。六種地類的斑塊密度呈現(xiàn)上升趨勢,平均斑塊面積呈現(xiàn)降低趨勢,各地類的破碎化程度均升高。建設(shè)用地斑塊面積不斷擴大,造成耕地等競爭優(yōu)勢較弱的景觀類型的斑塊面積減少,景觀整體的異質(zhì)性和破碎化程度在上升,少數(shù)斑塊類型對景觀的控制作用日益凸顯,景觀生態(tài)連通度降低,制約了區(qū)域生態(tài)流的暢通。驅(qū)動力分析顯示,經(jīng)濟發(fā)展是懷來縣土地利用變化的主要原因,地形因素則是土地利用變化方向的主要限制因素。研究區(qū)六種地類的分布受到地均純收入和人口密度的影響較大,社會經(jīng)濟因素是各地類分布的主要影響因素。(2)研究區(qū)土地利用景觀格局變化在地形因子的作用下呈現(xiàn)一定地形梯度性。在較低級別的高程、坡度及地形起伏度級別區(qū)域,與人類生產(chǎn)生活密切的城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)用地、采礦用地、耕地、園地、水域分布面積較大,且這5種地類分布指數(shù)的優(yōu)勢位均分布在較低的地形級別上,而林地、草地和其他土地則主要分布在較高地形級別的區(qū)域,較高的地形級別限制了人類的開發(fā)利用,加之生態(tài)保護的需要,使其起到了主要的生態(tài)屏障作用。土地利用景觀格局的空間異質(zhì)性與地形存在著典型相關(guān)性。水域和林地的景觀格局指數(shù)相似,水域主要分布于河湖盆地地區(qū),林地主要分布在山地地區(qū),這兩種地類集中連片,景觀異質(zhì)性較低;而主要分布在平原和丘陵過渡地區(qū)的城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)用地、采礦用地、耕地、園地等景觀破碎化程度較高,異質(zhì)性較高。CCA的分析結(jié)果顯示地形因子第1排序軸與景觀格局指數(shù)特征第1排序軸的相關(guān)系數(shù)達到0.671,表明土地利用景觀格局與高程、坡度等地形因子存在著典型的相關(guān)性。(3)構(gòu)建了研究區(qū)土地利用景觀生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò),確定了土地利用景觀優(yōu)化布局分區(qū)。懷來縣生態(tài)服務(wù)功能強度呈現(xiàn)明顯的地形差異性,生態(tài)服務(wù)功能最強的區(qū)域分布于懷來縣中部盆地,其中官廳水庫是該區(qū)域景觀生態(tài)功能的核心;其次是分布于懷來縣南北兩側(cè)山地地區(qū)的林地景觀,該區(qū)域植被資源豐富多樣且集中連片,對于區(qū)域景觀生態(tài)服務(wù)功能產(chǎn)生著重要影響作用;景觀生態(tài)服務(wù)功能較弱的區(qū)域主要位于平原區(qū)人類活動活躍的地區(qū)及未利用地較多的山地丘陵地區(qū)。利用最小阻力模型,提取出研究區(qū)的生態(tài)廊道和生態(tài)節(jié)點,并利用d IIC和d PC評價了生態(tài)節(jié)點的重要程度,從而有效地構(gòu)建了研究區(qū)的景觀生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò),并反映生態(tài)關(guān)鍵區(qū)對景觀生態(tài)流的影響程度。針對構(gòu)建的景觀生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò),在綜合研究區(qū)地形地貌特征、景觀生態(tài)功能強度分布等因素的基礎(chǔ)上,確定了土地利用景觀優(yōu)化布局分區(qū),可以為該地區(qū)土地利用生態(tài)優(yōu)化配置提供指導(dǎo)借鑒。
[Abstract]:The dramatic changes in the landscape pattern of land use will have a certain influence on the structure and function of the regional ecosystem. The terrain is an important natural limiting factor for the formation and change of the landscape pattern of the land use in the mountain area. The formation and development of the pattern are manifested by the spatial structure and the quantity structure under the dual role of natural and social factors. The study takes the relationship between terrain and land use as the breakthrough point, and the research area of Huailai County in the typical Northwest Mountain basin area, and the study area 1. The 99320032013 year three period remote sensing images were processed, and the land use landscape change characteristics and pattern of Huailai county were systematically analyzed by land dynamics, information atlas and landscape pattern index, and the driving force of the change of land use landscape pattern was analyzed with the logistic regression model, and the terrain and soil were discussed. By using the relationship between landscape patterns, the corresponding landscape dominant type gradient zones are divided, and the ecological sources, ecological corridors and ecological nodes are constructed by using the minimum cumulative resistance model, and the importance of ecological nodes is evaluated, and the corresponding optimal layout of the land use landscape can be divided. Through the study, it can be obtained. The following conclusions are as follows: (1) during the 1993-2013 years, the landscape pattern of land use changes in Huailai County rose, the connectivity showed a declining trend, the stability of the landscape pattern of land use decreased. The patch density of six kinds of land types showed an upward trend, the average patch surface product showed a decreasing trend, and the fragmentation degree of all kinds of land-use types increased. The patch area of the construction land is expanding continuously, resulting in the decrease of the patch area of the landscape types, such as the weak competitive advantage of the cultivated land, the increase of the heterogeneity and fragmentation of the landscape, the control effect of the minority patch types on the landscape, the decrease of the landscape ecological connectivity and the unimpeded regional ecological flow. The driving force analysis shows that Economic development is the main reason for the change of land use in Huailai county. The terrain factor is the main limiting factor of the change direction of land use. The distribution of six types of land in the study area is influenced by the land average income and population density, and the social and economic factors are the main influencing factors of the distribution of various types of land. (2) the landscape pattern of land use in the study area In the lower level, slope and topographic fluctuation level, the distribution area of urban and rural construction land, mining land, cultivated land, garden land and water area are larger in lower level elevation, slope and topographic relief level, and the dominant positions of these 5 types of land distribution index are distributed at lower topographic level. On the other hand, woodland, grassland and other land are mainly distributed in high terrain areas. Higher topographic levels restrict the development and utilization of human beings, and the needs of ecological protection make it a major ecological barrier. There is a typical correlation between spatial heterogeneity and topography of land use landscape pattern. Water and woodland. The landscape pattern index is similar, the water area is mainly distributed in the river lake basin area, the woodland is mainly distributed in the mountain area. The two kinds of land are concentrated in the area, and the landscape heterogeneity is low; and the urban and rural construction land is mainly distributed in the plain and the hilly region, the mining land, the cultivated land, the garden land and so on are higher, and the heterogeneity is higher.CCA. The results show that the correlation coefficient of the topographic factor first and the landscape pattern index characteristics of the first sort axis is 0.671, indicating that there is a typical correlation between the landscape pattern of the land use and the topographic factors such as elevation and slope. (3) the ecological network of land use landscape in the study area is constructed, and the optimal layout of the land use landscape is determined. The intensity of ecological service function in Lai county shows obvious topographic difference. The strongest area of ecological service is distributed in the central basin of Huailai county. Guanting reservoir is the core of the landscape ecological function of the region, followed by the woodland landscape in the north and south mountainous regions of Huailai County, and the vegetation resources are rich and diverse and concentrated in the region. It has an important impact on the regional landscape ecological service function, and the region with weak landscape ecological service function is mainly located in the area of active human activities in the plain area and the hilly areas which have not been used more. Using the minimum resistance model, the ecological corridor and ecological nodes of the study area are extracted, and the D IIC and D PC are used to evaluate the area. The importance of ecological node, thus effectively constructing the landscape ecological network in the study area, and reflecting the impact of the ecological key area on the landscape ecological flow. On the basis of the landscape ecological network constructed, the land use landscape optimization is determined on the basis of the topography and geomorphic features of the comprehensive study area and the intensity distribution of the landscape ecological function. Layout zoning can provide guidance and reference for ecological optimization of land use in this area.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F301.2

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