本文選題：遼河三角洲 + 景觀格局演變�。� 參考：《延邊大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：三角洲是海岸帶內陸地與海洋相互作用相互影響而形成的特殊生態(tài)系統(tǒng),是生物多樣性最豐富、生態(tài)服務價值高的濕地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)之一。三角洲的特殊結構決定了它在功能的多樣性,例如在保護生物多樣性,野生動物棲息地、防洪減災、凈化陸地排放的污染物、抵緩海水入侵、調節(jié)氣候等方面有著重要的意義。同時,三角洲也為海水養(yǎng)殖業(yè)、鹽業(yè)和海洋漁業(yè)等產業(yè)的發(fā)展提供了最基礎的自然資源。三角洲對海岸帶地區(qū)、國家或全球的社會經濟發(fā)展、人類生活水平的提高和生存環(huán)境可持續(xù)發(fā)展都具有重要的影響,是當前當今國際社會研究的熱點地區(qū)。本文以遼河三角洲為研究對象,通過近30年來(1981-2013)遼河三角洲景觀格局分析,借助SPR模型對各個年份的生態(tài)安全進行評價。在分析得出遼河三角洲景觀演變動態(tài)特征及生態(tài)安全等級的同時,依據景觀生態(tài)學理論和分析結果對遼河三角洲濕地可持續(xù)開發(fā)提出一些建議。1、近30年來遼河三角洲景觀格局變動較大,城市化速度加快使得居工用地面積和斑塊數量明顯增加,研究區(qū)域內天然濕地正處于退化階段,自然濕地和人工濕地共計減少298.11km2。除少許自然因素外,絕大部分變化因為人類干擾所致,而追求經濟利益和政策號召對人類的行為具有指向性作用。故此,在環(huán)境承載能力下,尋求一種更加高效環(huán)保的經濟模式(如生態(tài)旅游、生態(tài)農業(yè)、農副產品深加工等)對于保護遼河三角洲有一定的促進作用。2、遼河三角洲生態(tài)安全水平總體處于預警狀態(tài)(0.4～0.6之間),且近年來其生態(tài)安全有所波動。從遼河三角洲的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)壓力和環(huán)境質量狀況上來看,濕地生態(tài)保護的任務仍然很艱巨,濕地退化、景觀破碎化和植被覆蓋率減少等諸多生態(tài)安全問題依然存在。隨著公民素質的提高和環(huán)境保護力度的加強,目前遼河三角洲正向著較安全方向恢復。
[Abstract]:Delta is a special ecosystem formed by the interaction between inland coastal zone and ocean. It is one of the wetland ecosystems with the most rich biodiversity and high ecological service value. The special structure of delta determines the diversity of its functions, such as protecting biodiversity, wildlife habitat, flood control and disaster reduction, purifying pollutants discharged from land, mitigating seawater invasion, regulating climate, and so on. At the same time, the delta also provides the most basic natural resources for the development of mariculture, salt and marine fishery. Delta plays an important role in the social and economic development of the coastal zone, the country or the world, the improvement of human living standard and the sustainable development of the living environment. This paper takes the Liaohe Delta as the research object, through the analysis of the landscape pattern of the Liaohe Delta in the past 30 years, with the help of SPR model to evaluate the ecological security of each year. At the same time, the dynamic characteristics of landscape evolution and ecological security grade of Liaohe River Delta are obtained. Based on the theory of landscape ecology and the results of analysis, some suggestions for sustainable development of wetland in Liaohe Delta are put forward. In the past 30 years, the landscape pattern of Liaohe Delta has changed greatly, and the urbanization speed has increased the area of residential land and the number of patches. The natural wetland in the study area is at the stage of degradation, and the total reduction of natural wetland and artificial wetland is 298.11km2. Except for a few natural factors, most of the changes are caused by human interference, and the pursuit of economic interests and policy call have a directional effect on human behavior. Therefore, under the carrying capacity of the environment, we should seek a more efficient and environmentally friendly economic model (such as eco-tourism, eco-agriculture, The level of ecological security in Liaohe Delta is generally in the range of 0. 4 ~ 0. 6, and its ecological security has fluctuated in recent years. From the point of view of ecosystem pressure and environmental quality in Liaohe River Delta, the task of wetland ecological protection is still very arduous. Many ecological security problems still exist, such as wetland degradation, landscape fragmentation and vegetation coverage reduction. With the improvement of citizen's quality and the strengthening of environmental protection, Liaohe River Delta is recovering in the direction of safety.
【學位授予單位】：延邊大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P901;X826

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本文編號：1813831