本文選題：綠量 + 影響因素��； 參考：《河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：三維綠量彌補(bǔ)傳統(tǒng)二維綠化指標(biāo)的不足,確切的反映綠地植物構(gòu)成是否合理及有效評(píng)價(jià)綠地系統(tǒng)中生態(tài)效益水平。目前許多國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研究的綠化量化指標(biāo)。本文選出保定市區(qū)內(nèi)的主要街道、公園樣地及學(xué)校樣地,在每塊樣地選出不同株高、冠幅、不同齡級(jí)、不同胸徑的60種常見(jiàn)綠化樹(shù)種為研究對(duì)象,以非破壞性直接測(cè)量法測(cè)定不同生長(zhǎng)因子,再按照公式:樹(shù)種綠量=綠葉體積+綠莖體積=樹(shù)冠內(nèi)有葉區(qū)體積V2×(單位體積內(nèi)綠葉體積V3+單位體積內(nèi)綠莖體積V4)計(jì)算出不同樹(shù)種的綠量值并建立回歸方程,為其所產(chǎn)生的生態(tài)效益提供基礎(chǔ)參數(shù),為城市綠化樹(shù)種的選擇及搭配提供參考依據(jù)。對(duì)比不同樹(shù)種的綠量值大小和同一樹(shù)種中影響因素的的不同所產(chǎn)生的綠量值差異,得到以下結(jié)果:1.樹(shù)種冠內(nèi)結(jié)構(gòu)影響樹(shù)種的綠量。不同的樹(shù)種其內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)差別很大,主要表現(xiàn)在冠內(nèi)部無(wú)葉區(qū)體積的大小。這些內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn),使得樹(shù)木綠量在樹(shù)冠內(nèi)部分布不均衡,直接影響樹(shù)種綠量的大小。經(jīng)測(cè)定,樹(shù)種中無(wú)葉區(qū)比重大有:柳樹(shù)、柿樹(shù)、西府海棠、紫荊、紫葉李、金葉女貞、紫葉小檗、鳳尾蘭、月季;相對(duì)較小的有:懸鈴木、白蠟、臭椿、國(guó)槐、銀杏、櫻花、白皮松、側(cè)柏、紫薇、薔薇、大葉黃楊等。除此之外,對(duì)于樹(shù)冠體積相同的不同樹(shù)種,由于樹(shù)冠內(nèi)部無(wú)葉區(qū)體積的差異以及樹(shù)葉形狀特點(diǎn)等不同,樹(shù)木綠量也存在較大差異。2.樹(shù)木綠期時(shí)間長(zhǎng)短影響樹(shù)木的綠量。對(duì)胸徑、大小級(jí)相同的樹(shù)種而言,其綠量有較大差異,其綠量大小是:針葉植物闊葉植物,原因就是樹(shù)木的綠期長(zhǎng)短的不同,樹(shù)種其葉片各生長(zhǎng)參數(shù)也不一樣。通過(guò)查閱資料,我們把植物統(tǒng)分為兩大類,常綠植物綠期是365天,而落葉植物綠期約是220天。3.植物齡級(jí)、胸徑、株高和冠幅影響樹(shù)種綠量。研究結(jié)果表明,綠量大小與影響因素基本呈線性關(guān)系且相關(guān)系數(shù)R在0.9以上,這就說(shuō)明其具有極強(qiáng)的相關(guān)性。對(duì)齡級(jí)級(jí)相同的喬木而言,懸鈴木、白蠟、臭椿、國(guó)槐、銀杏、櫻花、白皮松、側(cè)柏、紫薇、薔薇、大葉黃楊等相對(duì)較大的。在進(jìn)行城市綠化時(shí),要選擇常綠樹(shù)種配以落葉樹(shù)種,不僅要考慮綠地的植物配置和空間結(jié)構(gòu),還要考慮到樹(shù)種的選擇和苗木規(guī)格大小的選擇,宜多選擇綠量較大的樹(shù)種。如懸鈴木、銀杏、泡桐、雪松、側(cè)柏、大葉黃楊、小葉黃楊、紫葉小檗、迎春、連翹等為主。這樣可以在改善城市環(huán)境問(wèn)題、發(fā)展城市景觀效益的前提下,并且在一定程度上把城市綠量創(chuàng)造到最大值。
[Abstract]:Three-dimensional green quantity can make up the deficiency of traditional two-dimensional greening index, reflect exactly whether the composition of green space plant is reasonable or not and evaluate the ecological benefit level of green space system effectively. At present, many countries focus on the greening quantitative indicators. In this paper, 60 common greening trees with different plant height, crown width, age grade and DBH were selected from the main streets, park plots and school plots in Baoding City, and 60 common greening trees with different plant height, crown width, different age grade and different DBH were selected as the research objects in each sample plot. Different growth factors were determined by nondestructive direct measurement. According to the formula: tree green quantity = green leaf volume green stem volume = leaf area volume V 2 脳 (green leaf volume V 3 per unit volume green stem volume V 4) the green value of different tree species was calculated and the regression equation was established. It provides the basic parameters for the ecological benefit and the reference for the selection and collocation of urban greening tree species. By comparing the green value of different tree species and the difference of influencing factors in the same tree species, the following results were obtained: 1. The canopy structure of tree species affects the green quantity of tree species. The internal structure of different tree species is very different, mainly reflected in the volume of the leafless region inside the crown. These internal structural characteristics make the distribution of green quantity in tree crown uneven, which directly affects the green quantity of tree species. It has been determined that the proportion of leafless areas in the tree species is large: willow, persimmon, Xifu Begonia, Bauhinia, purple-leaf plum, golden-leaf privet, purple leaf berberine, magnolia, rose; the relatively small ones are: Suzuki, white wax, stink, locust, ginkgo, cherry blossom, White Pine, Platycladus orientalis, Violet, Rosa, Poplar, etc. In addition, for different tree species with the same crown volume, there is a great difference in the green amount of trees due to the difference in the volume of the leafless area inside the crown and the characteristics of leaf shape. The length of green period of trees affects the green amount of trees. For the tree species with the same DBH and size, there is a great difference in the green quantity. The green quantity is the coniferous broad-leaved plant, the reason is that the green period of the tree is different, and the growth parameters of each leaf of the tree are also different. The phytoplankton is divided into two categories, the evergreen plant green period is 365 days, and the deciduous plant green period is about 220 days. 3. Plant age, DBH, plant height and crown width affect the green quantity of tree species. The results showed that the green quantity had a linear relationship with the influencing factors and the correlation coefficient R was more than 0.9, which indicated that it had a strong correlation. For the trees of the same age grade, the relatively larger ones are the hanging Suzuki, the wax, the stink, the national locust, the ginkgo, the cherry blossom, the white skin pine, the Platycladus orientalis, the violet, the rose, the big leaf yellow poplar and so on. In urban greening, it is necessary to choose evergreen tree species with deciduous tree species, not only to consider the plant configuration and spatial structure of green space, but also to consider the selection of tree species and the size of seedlings. Such as Suzuki, Ginkgo, Paulownia, Cedar, Platycladus orientalis, Poplar, Poplar, Purple, Yingchun, Forsythia and so on. Under the premise of improving the urban environmental problems and developing the urban landscape benefit, the urban green quantity can be created to the maximum value to a certain extent.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S731.2

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本文編號(hào)：1806304