本文選題：復(fù)墾 + 土壤養(yǎng)分　； 參考：《中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：山西省地處黃土高原東部,由于地理位置適中,長(zhǎng)期以來(lái),一直是我國(guó)最重要的能源基地。但是,在大面積、高強(qiáng)度開(kāi)采煤炭資源的同時(shí),致使礦區(qū)水、土壤、植被等資源遭到嚴(yán)重破壞,隨著煤炭資源的日益枯竭、生態(tài)環(huán)境的嚴(yán)重破壞,采煤區(qū)生存環(huán)境的不斷惡化,加之城鎮(zhèn)化步伐的加快,采煤區(qū)域出現(xiàn)了大量廢棄村莊。因此,煤炭基地村莊土地復(fù)墾整理已成為該區(qū)域地綜合整治的一項(xiàng)重要內(nèi)容。本論文以山西省澤州縣西郜村為研究區(qū),采用GIS與地統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)相結(jié)合、土壤—景觀模型這兩種方法,分析研究區(qū)復(fù)墾前后土壤養(yǎng)分有機(jī)質(zhì)、全氮、速效鉀、有效磷的含量、空間分布,揭示土壤養(yǎng)分時(shí)空變化特征,旨在為今后復(fù)墾提供參考。本研究首先對(duì)研究區(qū)復(fù)墾前土壤養(yǎng)分進(jìn)行采樣,利用GIS與地統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)相結(jié)合的方法,計(jì)算土壤養(yǎng)分的變程與塊金系數(shù),分析其養(yǎng)分特征與空間分布;然后在研究區(qū)農(nóng)田、村莊、道路等代表性位置選取地塊作為實(shí)驗(yàn)田,對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)田進(jìn)行深耕覆土、施肥、種植作物等復(fù)墾措施,在復(fù)墾后的實(shí)驗(yàn)田采集土樣,利用土壤—景觀模型,對(duì)復(fù)墾后研究區(qū)內(nèi)的土壤養(yǎng)分進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè),計(jì)算復(fù)墾后土壤養(yǎng)分的變程與塊金系數(shù),分析其養(yǎng)分含量特征與空間分布;最后通過(guò)對(duì)比復(fù)墾前后土壤養(yǎng)分的時(shí)空變化,揭示土壤養(yǎng)分變化特征,分析影響土壤養(yǎng)分變化的影響因素,總結(jié)復(fù)墾中提高土壤養(yǎng)分的有利措施,對(duì)今后的復(fù)墾提供一定指導(dǎo)。研究結(jié)果表明:研究區(qū)土壤的有機(jī)質(zhì)、全氮含量較低,速效鉀、有效磷含量較高;經(jīng)過(guò)復(fù)墾,4種養(yǎng)分變異程度會(huì)降低,土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)、全氮、速效鉀、有效磷的塊金系數(shù)與變程在復(fù)墾后將均有所降低,具有中等程度空間相關(guān)性。研究區(qū)土壤養(yǎng)分的分布具有一定的規(guī)律性,復(fù)墾前4種養(yǎng)分均在村莊中部含量較高,逐次向周?chē)f減,各養(yǎng)分含量相對(duì)集中不均勻;復(fù)墾后4種養(yǎng)分分布較均勻,村莊與農(nóng)田差異降低。通過(guò)分析土壤養(yǎng)分變化的影響因素可知,地形、土壤類(lèi)型、人類(lèi)活動(dòng)以及其他隨機(jī)因素可能是導(dǎo)致研究區(qū)土壤養(yǎng)分空間變異的主要因素。在今后的復(fù)墾過(guò)程中,應(yīng)加強(qiáng)分區(qū)管理,提倡重點(diǎn)施肥、添加活化劑、種植綠肥等培肥措施,加強(qiáng)農(nóng)田水利等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè),改善土壤養(yǎng)分生態(tài)過(guò)程,提高土壤肥力,促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)。
[Abstract]:Shanxi province is located in the eastern part of the Loess Plateau, which has long been the most important energy base in China because of its moderate geographical location. However, in the large area and high intensity mining of coal resources, the water, soil, vegetation and other resources of the mining area have been seriously damaged. With the increasing depletion of coal carbon resources, the serious destruction of the ecological environment and the mining area. With the deterioration of the living environment and the accelerated pace of urbanization, a large number of abandoned villages have appeared in the coal mining area. Therefore, the reclamation and consolidation of the villages and villages in the coal base has become an important content of the comprehensive renovation of the region. This paper takes the West Gao Village of Zezhou County, Shanxi Province as the research area, combining GIS with geostatistics, and the soil landscape The two methods are used to analyze the soil nutrient organic matter, total nitrogen, available potassium, effective phosphorus content, spatial distribution and spatial distribution of soil nutrients before and after reclamation. The purpose of this study is to provide reference for the reclamation of soil nutrients in the future. Firstly, the soil nutrients were sampled in the study area, and the method of combining GIS with geostatistics was used to calculate the soil nutrients. The nutrient characteristics and spatial distribution of soil nutrients were calculated, and the soil nutrient characteristics and spatial distribution were analyzed. Then the plots were selected as experimental fields in the representative positions of farmland, villages and roads in the study area. The soil samples were ploughed in deep tillage, fertilized and cultivated in the experimental field, and soil samples were collected in the experimental field after reclaimed, and the soil landscape model was used to recover the soil samples. The soil nutrients in the post reclamation area were predicted, the variation of soil nutrients and the coefficient of the bulk gold were calculated, and the nutrient content characteristics and spatial distribution were analyzed. Finally, by comparing the temporal and spatial changes of soil nutrients before and after reclamation, the characteristics of soil nutrients were revealed, the influence factors of soil nutrient changes were analyzed, and the improvement of the soil nutrient changes was summarized. The favorable measures for soil nutrients provide some guidance for the future reclamation. The results show that the soil organic matter, total nitrogen content, available potassium and effective phosphorus content are higher in the study area. After reclamation, the variation degree of the 4 nutrients will be reduced, and the soil organic matter, total nitrogen, quick effect potassium, the coefficient of bulk gold of the available phosphorus and the variation range will be all after reclaimed. The distribution of soil nutrients in the study area has a certain regularity. The 4 kinds of nutrients before reclamation are higher in the middle of the village, decreasing gradually to the surrounding area, and the content of each nutrient is not uniform. The distribution of the 4 nutrients is more uniform and the difference between the village and the farmland is reduced after reclamation. By analyzing the change of soil nutrients, the change of soil nutrients is analyzed. It is known that terrain, soil type, human activity and other random factors may be the main factors that lead to the spatial variation of soil nutrients in the study area. In the process of reclamation, we should strengthen the division management, promote the key fertilization, add activator, plant green manure and so on, strengthen the construction of farmland water conservancy and so on. Good soil nutrient ecological process, improve soil fertility, promote agricultural production.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S158

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