本文選題：堡寨 + 結(jié)構(gòu)病害防治　； 參考：《西安建筑科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：堡寨,又稱為堡子,是甘肅天水地區(qū)廣泛存在的一種生土夯筑的軍民兩用的建筑。天水堡寨從公元23年的隗囂城到民國時(shí)設(shè)立三岔廳的吳砦發(fā)展變化了將近兩千年,蘊(yùn)含了深厚的天水歷史文化和建筑藝術(shù)。但是作為生土夯筑的建筑,自身由于風(fēng)蝕、雨淋、鼠洞、植物根系生長等自然環(huán)境因素的作用,堡寨的主要構(gòu)件—堡墻發(fā)生了嚴(yán)重的損壞。基于天水武山縣灘歌鎮(zhèn)威遠(yuǎn)寨的現(xiàn)場勘察與試驗(yàn)進(jìn)行了堡寨建筑施工技術(shù)的分析和整理工作,同時(shí)對(duì)堡寨的結(jié)構(gòu)病害也做了分析和探討。采用施工現(xiàn)場模擬和入戶調(diào)查訪問以及遺跡勘查、傳統(tǒng)施工工藝的比較分析等方法對(duì)天水堡寨施工工藝進(jìn)行了分析和整理;采用現(xiàn)場勘查的方法從堡墻植被覆蓋度、根系分布情況以及土體風(fēng)蝕損化的演變機(jī)理、鼠洞、人為干擾等方面對(duì)堡寨的結(jié)構(gòu)病害進(jìn)行了較全面的分析研究。結(jié)果表明:堡寨施工工藝隨著老藝人去世、繼承者缺失,存在著很大的失傳風(fēng)險(xiǎn);現(xiàn)存的施工工具也極為稀少,要盡快加以保護(hù)收集;堡寨的結(jié)構(gòu)病害問題研究,影響因素繁多。其中,堡墻表層的植物對(duì)墻體的影響有雙重作用,具體表現(xiàn)為小型的草本植物可以有效減弱雨水對(duì)生土墻的沖刷,但是植物根系發(fā)達(dá)粗大的灌木和喬木,順著堡墻頂部向下發(fā)展對(duì)堡寨也有破壞作用。此外,墻體表層的風(fēng)蝕留下了大量坑洼痕跡,又進(jìn)一步會(huì)引起雨水和鹽溶對(duì)堡墻的破壞。鑒于堡寨現(xiàn)存的結(jié)構(gòu)病害有可能加大堡墻的損壞程度,本文認(rèn)為對(duì)堡寨進(jìn)行人工干預(yù)保護(hù)是有必要的。可通過幼苗的及時(shí)拔除、松軟部分土層的夯實(shí)以及鼠洞灌填、土體表層噴涂加固等方式降低堡墻損壞的進(jìn)程,延長堡寨的使用壽命。
[Abstract]:Baozhai, also known as Baozi, is a kind of dual-purpose building built by ramming raw soil in Tianshui area of Gansu province.Wu Zhai, who set up Sancha Hall in the Republic of China, developed and changed for nearly 2,000 years from Kui'zhao City in 23 AD to Wu Zhai, who set up Sancha Hall in the Republic of China. It contains profound history, culture and architectural art of Tianshui.But because of the natural environment factors such as wind erosion, rain dripping, rodent cave, plant root growth and so on, the main component of the fortress, the wall of the castle, has been seriously damaged.Based on the on-the-spot investigation and test of Weiyuan village in Tan GE Town, Wushan County, Tianshui, this paper analyzes and arranges the construction technology of Baozhai building, and analyzes and probes into the structural diseases of Baozhai at the same time.This paper analyzes and arranges the construction technology of Tianshui Fort stockade by means of construction site simulation, household survey visit, relic survey, comparison and analysis of the traditional construction technology, and adopts the method of site survey to analyze and arrange the vegetation coverage of the castle wall.The distribution of root system, the evolution mechanism of soil erosion and erosion, the rodent cave and human interference were analyzed and studied in the aspects of structural diseases of Baozhai.The results show that: with the death of the old artists, there is a great risk of loss due to the absence of successors; the extant construction tools are also very rare, which should be protected and collected as soon as possible; the structural diseases of the fortresses are studied.There are many influencing factors.Among them, the plant on the surface of the wall has a double effect on the wall, which is manifested in that small herbaceous plants can effectively weaken Rain Water's scour on the soil wall, but the plant roots are developed and thick shrubs and trees.Along the top of the castle wall down the development of the fortress also has a destructive effect.In addition, wind erosion on the surface of the wall leaves a large number of potholes, which will cause further damage to the wall by Rain Water and salt solution.In view of the existing structural diseases may increase the damage degree of the castle wall, this paper thinks that it is necessary to carry out artificial intervention to protect the fortress.The damage process of the wall can be reduced by removing the seedlings in time ramming the soft part of the soil and filling the rodent hole and strengthening the surface layer of the soil so as to prolong the service life of the fortress.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TU-87

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