本文選題：城市生態(tài)系統(tǒng) + 景觀指數(shù)動(dòng)態(tài)化��； 參考：《河北大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：城市生態(tài)系統(tǒng)涉及眾多方面,其中綠化指標(biāo)可以衡量城市綠地系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)劣,景觀格局指數(shù)能從綠地系統(tǒng)格局上描述其好壞差異,而自然子系統(tǒng)、社會(huì)子系統(tǒng)、經(jīng)濟(jì)子系統(tǒng)共同構(gòu)成了城市生態(tài)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)。本文通過綠化指標(biāo)分析了我國(guó)城市園林綠化水平及存在的問題,以相對(duì)聚集度指數(shù)為例研究了景觀格局指數(shù)的動(dòng)態(tài)化,對(duì)城市生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化和調(diào)整。本文首先對(duì)我國(guó)各省主要城市建成區(qū)綠化效率平均水平、城市綠地服務(wù)人口、環(huán)境保護(hù)建設(shè)、城市綠地景觀格局指數(shù)情況進(jìn)行了綜合考察。研究表明:(1)臨海省份城市綠化效率基本在平均水平以上,西南地區(qū)省份城市普遍低于平均水平。(2)國(guó)內(nèi)主要城市綠地服務(wù)人口過載情況較為嚴(yán)重,平均過載比達(dá)46.9%,石家莊、上海等城市情況最為嚴(yán)重。(3)南北方城市在均勻度指數(shù)和Shannon多樣性指數(shù)上體現(xiàn)為兩類不同的綠地景觀格局。其次,為了能夠動(dòng)態(tài)描述生態(tài)過程,具體以相對(duì)聚集度指數(shù)為例,針對(duì)當(dāng)前景觀指數(shù)的靜態(tài)特性進(jìn)行了動(dòng)態(tài)化過程的探討。研究表明:(1)相對(duì)聚集度指數(shù)從本質(zhì)上講,與相鄰生態(tài)系統(tǒng)共同邊界長(zhǎng)度和其控制點(diǎn)有關(guān)。景觀格局的變化體現(xiàn)為控制點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)的變化。(2)相鄰斑塊邊界控制點(diǎn)水平坐標(biāo)的變化在實(shí)質(zhì)上反映了相鄰斑塊的水平擴(kuò)展。在確定了密度變化率、主要擴(kuò)散植被的總量和擴(kuò)散系數(shù)后,得出聚集度指數(shù)隨水平擴(kuò)散的變化。垂直方向上控制點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)函數(shù)采用季節(jié)性時(shí)間序列模型進(jìn)行描述。(3)為了說明聚集度指數(shù)動(dòng)態(tài)化帶來的影響,以虛擬的景觀結(jié)構(gòu)為例進(jìn)行了過程仿真,并給出了斑塊拓展過程中聚集度及共同邊界長(zhǎng)度的變化。實(shí)際計(jì)算表明,這樣處理指數(shù)的動(dòng)態(tài)化,方法可行通用。最后,將城市生態(tài)系統(tǒng)整體看作是一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò),以再循環(huán)測(cè)度值為衡量指標(biāo),對(duì)城市生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化方法研究。研究表明:(1)測(cè)定二線、三線城市生態(tài)網(wǎng)再循環(huán)測(cè)度值都偏小,針對(duì)重要網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點(diǎn),對(duì)二線、三線城市生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型各提出6種漸進(jìn)式的優(yōu)化方案,最終確定二線城市生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)(2)3M模型方案最優(yōu),三線城市生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)(3)1M模型方案最優(yōu)。(2)各類城市整體構(gòu)成的生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的再循環(huán)測(cè)度值明顯偏大,以標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化回歸系數(shù)為參考,對(duì)17條冗余映射關(guān)系進(jìn)行刪減使模型網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)達(dá)到最優(yōu)。
[Abstract]:Urban ecosystem involves many aspects, among which the greening index can measure the advantages and disadvantages of urban green space system, the landscape pattern index can describe the difference from the pattern of green space system, and the natural subsystem, social subsystem, and so on.The economic subsystem constitutes the network of urban ecology.This paper analyzes the level and existing problems of urban landscape greening in China through the greening index. Taking the relative aggregation index as an example, the dynamics of landscape pattern index is studied, and the structure of urban ecological network model is optimized and adjusted.In this paper, the average level of greening efficiency, the service population of urban green space, the construction of environmental protection and the landscape pattern index of urban green space are investigated.The study shows that the urban greening efficiency of the coastal provinces is above the average level, and that of the southwest provinces is generally lower than the average level. 2) the overloading of the population in the main cities of China is serious, and the average overload of Prida is 46.9, Shijiazhuang.Shanghai and other cities have the most serious situation.) the cities in the south and north have two different green landscape patterns in evenness index and Shannon diversity index.Secondly, in order to describe the ecological process dynamically, taking the relative aggregation index as an example, this paper discusses the dynamic process of the static characteristics of the current landscape index.The results show that the relative aggregation index is essentially related to the common boundary length and control points of adjacent ecosystems.The change of landscape pattern is reflected in the change of control point coordinate. (2) the change of horizontal coordinate of adjacent patch boundary control point reflects the horizontal expansion of adjacent patch in essence.After the change rate of density, the total amount and diffusion coefficient of main diffusive vegetation were determined, the change of aggregation index with horizontal diffusion was obtained.Vertical control point coordinate function is described by seasonal time series model. In order to illustrate the effect of dynamic aggregation index, the virtual landscape structure is taken as an example to simulate the process.The variation of aggregation and common boundary length during patch expansion is also given.The practical calculation shows that the method is feasible and universal.Finally, the urban ecosystem as a whole is regarded as a network, and the optimization method of the urban ecological network model structure is studied based on the value of recycling measurement.The study shows that the measurement value of the recycling of urban ecological network in the third line and the second line is small. For the important network nodes, six kinds of progressive optimization schemes are proposed for each of the second and third line urban ecological network models.Finally, it is determined that the second line urban ecological network is optimal, and the third line city ecological network model scheme is optimal. (2) the recycling measurement value of the ecological network composed of all kinds of cities is obviously on the high side, and the standardized regression coefficient is taken as a reference.By deleting 17 redundant mapping relationships, the network structure of the model is optimized.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X171

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本文編號(hào)：1751060