本文選題：風(fēng)景園林規(guī)劃設(shè)計　切入點：生境營造　出處：《西安建筑科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著我國城市化進(jìn)程的加快,在經(jīng)濟(jì)高速發(fā)展的同時也帶來了一系列的城市問題,諸如環(huán)境污染、交通擁擠、人口增長等等。隨著生活水平的提高,人們的環(huán)境意識逐漸增強(qiáng),對生存空間的舒適度要求也越來越高,景觀設(shè)計也迎來了發(fā)展的黃金期,城市建設(shè)中對景觀建設(shè)的投入不斷增加,城市建成環(huán)境中花園等綠地面積不斷增大。城市建成環(huán)境中花園等綠地是一個為市民提供休閑娛樂和放松身心的場所,目前國內(nèi)園不僅前期建設(shè)花費高昂,而且后期的養(yǎng)護(hù)成本也居高不下。以我國目前的經(jīng)濟(jì)水平經(jīng)濟(jì)性是城市公園建設(shè)必須要考慮的問題之一。但是在實際的景觀設(shè)計和景觀實踐中,與社會經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方向相悖的建設(shè)大量出現(xiàn),造成了大量的景觀設(shè)計浪費。很多公園的建設(shè)更多的關(guān)注視覺效果的建設(shè),外來物種泛濫、大樹移栽成風(fēng)、各式豪華水景和大面積的硬質(zhì)鋪裝廣場隨處可見。但是在花費了大量的前期建設(shè)和后期養(yǎng)護(hù)管理費用后,建設(shè)的卻是大量缺乏生態(tài)效應(yīng)和使用率低的公園和廣場。而設(shè)計師也受到了拜金主義思想的影響,對低附加值的低成本景觀設(shè)計缺乏應(yīng)有的關(guān)注,反而對一些高檔材料、奇花異木以及進(jìn)口技術(shù)和設(shè)施極度的崇拜。低成本及生態(tài)性景觀設(shè)計的提出,使得設(shè)計師在關(guān)注城市花園的功能和美觀的同時,也能對城市花園的生態(tài)效益和可持續(xù)性有足夠的關(guān)注[11]。西北脆弱生態(tài)環(huán)境條件對城市化建設(shè)發(fā)展帶來壓力和約束,同時人類的聚居活動和建設(shè)也帶來局部生境條件改善的可能性。人工干預(yù)下完整持續(xù)的城市化生態(tài)過程,是西北地區(qū)國土生態(tài)安全的重要保障,是營造良好城市生活環(huán)境的現(xiàn)實需要。西北干旱區(qū)水資源缺乏,生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱,城市化與城市生態(tài)環(huán)境之間的矛盾和脅迫作用尤為突出,嚴(yán)重限制和約束了干旱區(qū)生態(tài)城市建設(shè)的進(jìn)程。協(xié)調(diào)干旱區(qū)城市化與城市生態(tài)環(huán)境的關(guān)系,推動干旱區(qū)城市健康發(fā)展的研究正日益為國內(nèi)學(xué)者關(guān)注[58]。本研究通過對國內(nèi)外建成案例的總結(jié)和歸納,以及實際案例的分析研究,結(jié)合低成本景觀設(shè)計以及雨水花園、植物群落設(shè)計和生境營造提出生境花園的概念,以西北地區(qū)城市建成環(huán)境中的綠地生境類型劃分研究為基礎(chǔ)。在以光照和土壤為主導(dǎo)生境因子生境類型劃分的陰生、陽生、濕生、旱生的四種生境類型中中選擇選擇前兩種以校園綠地生境為代表的場地生境條件類型分析為前提,在西安建筑科技大學(xué)校園內(nèi)選擇這兩種類型的典型場地進(jìn)行場地分析、方案設(shè)計、施工建設(shè)以及建成后的觀測評價以探討生境營造途徑中的生境花園設(shè)計方法。本論文受國家自然科學(xué)基金《西北大中城市綠地—生境營造模式及適應(yīng)性設(shè)計方法研究》(NO.51278410/E080202)和《城市宜居環(huán)境風(fēng)景園林小氣候適應(yīng)性設(shè)計理論和方法研究》(NO。51338007)資助。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of urbanization in China, a series of urban problems, such as environmental pollution, traffic congestion, population growth and so on, have been brought along with the rapid development of economy. Higher and higher requirements for comfort of living space, landscape design also ushered in the golden period of development, urban construction in the landscape construction investment continues to increase, The area of green space such as gardens in the urban built environment is constantly increasing. Green spaces such as gardens in the urban built environment are a place to provide leisure, entertainment and relaxation for the public. At present, domestic gardens are not only expensive in the early stage of construction, But in the actual landscape design and landscape practice, it is one of the problems that must be considered in the construction of urban parks. Contrary to the direction of social and economic development, a large number of construction, resulting in a large number of landscape design waste. Many parks more attention to the construction of visual effects, alien species flooding, tree transplanting into the wind, All kinds of luxurious water features and large areas of hard paving plaza can be found everywhere. But after spending a lot of pre-construction and later maintenance and management expenses, What is being built is a large number of parks and squares that lack ecological effects and low utilization rates. And designers are also influenced by the idea of money worship, and lack due attention to low-cost landscape design with low added value. Instead, they pay more attention to some high-grade materials. Exotic trees and imported technology and facilities are extremely worshiped. The low cost and ecological landscape design has made designers pay attention to the function and beauty of urban gardens at the same time. There is also sufficient concern for the ecological benefits and sustainability of urban gardens. [11] the fragile ecological environment conditions in northwest China bring pressure and constraints to the construction and development of urbanization. At the same time, the settlement and construction of human beings have also brought about the possibility of improving local habitat conditions. The complete and sustained ecological process of urbanization under artificial intervention is an important guarantee for the ecological security of territorial land in the Northwest China. It is a practical need to create a good urban living environment. The northwest arid region is short of water resources, the ecological environment is fragile, and the contradiction and coercion between urbanization and urban ecological environment are especially prominent. It has severely restricted and restricted the process of eco-city construction in arid areas and coordinated the relationship between urbanization and urban ecological environment in arid areas. The research of promoting the healthy development of the arid area city is being paid more and more attention to by the domestic scholars [58]. Through summing up and summing up the cases built at home and abroad, and analyzing the actual cases, combining the low-cost landscape design and Rain Water Garden, The concept of habitat garden was put forward in plant community design and habitat construction, which was based on the study on the classification of greenbelt habitat type in urban built environment in Northwest China. Among the four habitat types of wetting and xerophytes, the first two types, which are represented by the greenbelt habitat on campus, are selected as the premise, and the typical sites of these two types are selected in the campus of Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology for site analysis. Programme design, In order to explore the design method of habitat garden in the way of habitat construction and observation and evaluation after construction and construction, this paper is accepted by the National Natural Science Foundation of China < the model of greenbelt and habitat construction and the adaptive design method in northwest large and medium cities. No. 51278410 / E080202) and "study on the Theory and method of Adaptive Design of microclimate in Urban livable Landscape Architecture" (No.51338007).
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU986

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