本文選題：海岸帶　切入點：生態(tài)系統(tǒng)　出處：《曲阜師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：海岸帶是陸海相互作用地帶,易受到外界干擾,生態(tài)環(huán)境比較脆弱;濱岸地區(qū)是進行對外貿(mào)易和文化交流的紐帶及開發(fā)海洋、發(fā)展經(jīng)濟的基地,具有十分重要的地位。日照市海洋資源豐富,開發(fā)潛力很大,海洋空間資源開發(fā)過程中特別是海岸線附近資源利用上矛盾較突出,由不合理開發(fā)海洋資源引發(fā)的近海水質(zhì)惡化和入海污染物不斷增加導(dǎo)致海岸帶生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的生產(chǎn)力下降,日照近岸滸苔災(zāi)害從無到有并有了逐年加重的趨勢,生態(tài)環(huán)境問題日趨嚴(yán)重。本研究以日照市海岸帶為研究對象,將日照市海岸帶生態(tài)系統(tǒng)劃分為二個子系統(tǒng):岸線子系統(tǒng)、陸域子系統(tǒng),并通過社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展對海岸帶生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康的影響進行較系統(tǒng)的分析,借助遙感(RS)、地理信息系統(tǒng)(GIS)等手段,利用邊緣檢測法、景觀格局指數(shù)法以及指標(biāo)體系法等研究方法,對日照市海岸帶生態(tài)系統(tǒng)進行健康評價。通過對海岸帶生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康的評價研究,找出影響生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康的因素,研究成果對日照市海岸帶的可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有借鑒意義。本文主要研究內(nèi)容及結(jié)論:(1)通過對日照市2001年、2006年、2009年以及2014年遙感影像分析,通過閾值分割以及Canny算子對四期影像進行海岸線提取以及變遷對比,分析其變遷原因以及對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康的影響。結(jié)果表明從2001年至2014年,日照市海岸線長度不斷增加,海岸線向海一側(cè)擴張,陸域擴大。其中海岸線變遷程度最大的區(qū)域位于傅疃河口區(qū)域、日照港區(qū)域以及嵐山港區(qū)域,發(fā)生變遷的主要原因有河口泥沙淤積以及港口航道建設(shè)等。(2)通過對2001年、2006年、2009年以及2014年四期遙感影像進行解譯、分類以及景觀格局指數(shù)的計算,利用Constanza提出的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康綜合指數(shù)對日照市海岸帶陸域子系統(tǒng)生態(tài)健康進行評價。評價結(jié)果顯示:日照市陸域子系統(tǒng)生態(tài)健康水平整體表現(xiàn)為2001年2006年2014年2009年。2001年,陸域子系統(tǒng)生態(tài)健康水平為最高,主要原因是由于此時日照市沿海區(qū)域植被覆蓋度較高,對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)起積極作用的景觀類型所占比重較多,生態(tài)系統(tǒng)狀況良好。從2001年至2009年,日照市城市化進程加快,城市由沿海向內(nèi)陸擴張,大量人工建筑侵占原本農(nóng)田、綠地等區(qū)域,生境破碎化加重,植被覆蓋度水平降低,2009年,陸域子系統(tǒng)活力、組織力、恢復(fù)力均為最低水平,生態(tài)健康水平達到最低值。從2009年至2014年日照市市政府加強耕地保護對策,加大對綠化項目的建設(shè),并集中改造城中村對其進行統(tǒng)一規(guī)劃,生境破碎化程度降低,2014年活力、組織力以及恢復(fù)力較2009年均有所回升,其生態(tài)健康水平明顯提高,但尚未恢復(fù)到2006年的水平。(3)以壓力—狀態(tài)—響應(yīng)模型為框架,選取日照市海岸帶社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的相關(guān)指標(biāo),依據(jù)日照市統(tǒng)計年鑒、海洋統(tǒng)計年鑒以及日照市國民經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展統(tǒng)計公報,利用層次分析法計算各指標(biāo)的權(quán)重,對社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展影響海岸帶生態(tài)健康進行模型構(gòu)建和綜合評價,評價結(jié)果表明從2004年到2013年間,日照市海岸帶社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展對海岸帶生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康具有由好變差的影響,主要原因在于社會經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展導(dǎo)致各種污染物排放量增多而針對污染的治理措施卻并未達到相應(yīng)要求。
[Abstract]:The coastal zone is the interaction of land and sea areas, vulnerable to outside interference, the ecological environment is fragile; coastal area is the link and the development of maritime trade and cultural exchanges, economic development base, has a very important position. Rizhao City ocean is rich in resources, great potential for development, the development process of marine space resources especially the coastline near the use of resources, the contradictions caused by the deterioration of water quality, increase offshore unreasonable exploitation of marine resources and marine pollutants has led to the decline of coastal ecosystem productivity, Rizhao offshore Enteromorpha disaster from scratch and has the trend of increasing year by year, the ecological environment has become increasingly serious. In this study, the coastal zone of Rizhao City as the research object, the Rizhao City coastal ecosystem is divided into two subsystems: shoreline subsystem, the Lu Yuzi system, and the social and economic development of the coastal zone A systematic analysis of the influence of ecosystem health, using remote sensing (RS), geographic information system (GIS) and other means, using the edge detection method, research methods of landscape pattern index and the index system method, the health evaluation of Rizhao City coastal ecosystem. Through the research on the evaluation of coastal ecosystem health and find out the influencing factors of ecosystem health, sustainable development is of great significance to research the coastal zone of Rizhao City. The main research contents and conclusions of this paper: (1) by 2006 in Rizhao City, 2001, 2009 and 2014 in the analysis of remote sensing image by threshold segmentation and Canny operator for coastline extraction and change compared to four images analysis of the changes, reasons and effects on ecosystem health. The results show that from 2001 to 2014, Rizhao City coastline length increasing, expanding the coastline to the side of the sea A land to expand. The regional shoreline changes in the largest degree of Futuan located in the estuary area, Rizhao port area and Arashiyama port area, the main reason is the change of estuarine sediment deposition and channel construction. (2) by 2001, 2006, 2009 and 2014 four period remote sensing image interpretation and classification calculation and the landscape pattern index, the comprehensive index of ecological system proposed by Constanza to evaluate the health of Rizhao City coastal land system of ecological health. The evaluation results show that the overall ecological health level of Rizhao City land subsystem represented by the 2001 2006 2014 2009.2001, ecological health system of land is the highest, mainly due to the coastal areas of Rizhao City regional vegetation coverage is higher, the positive proportion of many types of landscape ecological system, ecological system in good condition. From 2001 to 2009, Rizhao City city to accelerate the process of city from coastal areas to inland, a lot of artificial building originally occupied farmland, green area, habitat fragmentation increased, vegetation coverage decreased in 2009, the Lu Yuzi system vigor, organization, restoring force are the lowest level, the ecological health level reached the lowest value. To strengthen the protection of cultivated land from 2009 to 2014 in Rizhao City municipal government, increase the construction of greening projects, and focus on the transformation of the village unified planning of the habitat fragmentation degree decreased, 2014 vigor, organizational capacity and resilience than the 2009 average annual rise, the level of ecological health improved significantly, but has not yet recovered to the level of 2006 (3). With the pressure state response model, selecting related index of Rizhao City coastal economic and social development, according to statistics Rizhao City in years, and the Japan Marine Statistical Yearbook According to statistics, the national economic and social development, using AHP to calculate the weight of each index, build model and comprehensive evaluation on the economic and social development of coastal ecosystem health, evaluation results show that during the period from 2004 to 2013, is affected by the variability of coastal ecosystem health on social and economic development of Rizhao City coastal zone the main reason lies in the development of social economy, led to a variety of more pollutant emissions and for pollution control measures did not meet the corresponding requirements.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X826

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本文編號：1642952