發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-10 17:34

  本文選題：黃浦江　切入點(diǎn)：土地利用變化　出處：《華東師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著城市化進(jìn)程的不斷加快,城市河流的生態(tài)問(wèn)題愈發(fā)突出,而城市河流河岸帶活動(dòng)是影響城市河流水生態(tài)環(huán)境的重要因素。本文以上海市黃浦江為例,在對(duì)黃浦江河岸帶土地利用及景觀結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)空變化解譯分析的基礎(chǔ)上,利用RDA回歸分析法研究黃浦江河岸帶景觀結(jié)構(gòu)與河流水質(zhì)的響應(yīng)關(guān)系,最后采用現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)查與GIS解譯分析相結(jié)合的方法研究黃浦江下游河岸帶特征及其與水質(zhì)關(guān)系,并對(duì)未來(lái)河岸帶規(guī)劃提出相關(guān)建議。論文主要工作與結(jié)論如下：(1)通過(guò)計(jì)算黃浦江兩岸5000m緩沖區(qū)范圍內(nèi)土地利用動(dòng)態(tài)度、轉(zhuǎn)移矩陣及重要度并分析土地利用變化,通過(guò)在景觀水平、斑塊類型水平上計(jì)算景觀指數(shù)并探討分析景觀格局時(shí)空變化,結(jié)果表明：①隨著城市化的不斷推進(jìn),黃浦江河岸帶大量城市建設(shè)用地、工業(yè)用地、道路交通用地、城市綠地及上游林地在不斷增多,農(nóng)業(yè)用地在迅速減少,水域面積也有所縮減,土地利用轉(zhuǎn)化主要為農(nóng)業(yè)用地向建設(shè)用地、工業(yè)用地及道路交通用地轉(zhuǎn)化；②在黃浦江上中下游河岸帶2000m范圍內(nèi)土地利用時(shí)空變化上(1965-2010),農(nóng)業(yè)用地、水域不斷減少,工業(yè)用地、建設(shè)用地不斷增加,2010年上游以農(nóng)業(yè)用地和林地為主,中游以建設(shè)用地為主,下游以工業(yè)用地及建設(shè)用地為主；③人類活動(dòng)的不斷加強(qiáng)導(dǎo)致黃浦江河岸帶土地利用類型不斷豐富化,斑塊破碎度不斷增加,空間異質(zhì)性增強(qiáng),各種景觀斑塊分布呈現(xiàn)分散又聚集的現(xiàn)象。經(jīng)過(guò)近五十年的發(fā)展演變,在黃浦江中下游建設(shè)用地、工業(yè)用地及道路交通用地已經(jīng)取代農(nóng)業(yè)用地成為優(yōu)勢(shì)用地類型。(2)利用冗余分析(RDA)法研究河岸帶景觀變量與黃浦江水質(zhì)的回歸關(guān)系,分別通過(guò)在500m、1000m、2000m及5000m四個(gè)尺度上計(jì)算2013-2014年10個(gè)監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)水質(zhì)(DO、NH3-N、CODmn等)與2010年土地利用景觀變量(PLAND、LPI、ED及PD)及五年年報(bào)共25個(gè)監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)水質(zhì)與各年份的土地利用景觀變量的解釋度及回歸系數(shù)等。1)2013-2014年水質(zhì)(汛期與非汛期)與2010年土地利用景觀變量RDA分析結(jié)果顯示：①景觀變量為黃浦江水質(zhì)變化的主要影響因素,各研究尺度上都有景觀參數(shù)對(duì)水質(zhì)表現(xiàn)出顯著影響；②隨著研究尺度的增大,顯著景觀變量也逐漸增多,表明景觀變量對(duì)水質(zhì)的貢獻(xiàn)在區(qū)域尺度要大于河岸帶尺度,工業(yè)用地、建設(shè)用地在區(qū)域尺度對(duì)水質(zhì)影響更顯著,汛期相對(duì)于非汛期顯著景觀變量更多,表明河流水質(zhì)會(huì)受降雨徑流等因素的影響；③水域用地在汛期及非汛期各研究尺度上對(duì)黃浦江水質(zhì)都具有顯著負(fù)效應(yīng),汛期時(shí)工業(yè)用地、建設(shè)用地在5000m尺度上對(duì)水質(zhì)顯著相關(guān),非汛期時(shí)工業(yè)用地在5000m尺度上與水質(zhì)變化顯著相關(guān)。2)年報(bào)水質(zhì)與各年份的土地利用景觀變量RDA分析結(jié)構(gòu)表明：①景觀變量仍是黃浦江水質(zhì)空間變化的主導(dǎo)因素,在1000-2000m尺度時(shí),景觀變量對(duì)水質(zhì)空間分異的解釋率為60-70%,在5000m尺度時(shí),解釋率為80.1%；②隨著研究尺度的增大,顯著景觀變量也呈現(xiàn)增多的趨勢(shì),在500m尺度時(shí),只有水域和農(nóng)業(yè)用地為顯著景觀變量,在1000m后,道路交通用地、建設(shè)用地及城市綠地加入到顯著變量中,景觀變量對(duì)水質(zhì)在區(qū)域尺度的解釋度要大于河岸帶尺度；③在500m尺度上,農(nóng)業(yè)用地和水域表現(xiàn)出對(duì)DO的顯著正相關(guān),對(duì)其它水質(zhì)參數(shù)(TP除外)顯著負(fù)相關(guān),當(dāng)尺度大于1000m時(shí),道路交通用地及建設(shè)用地表現(xiàn)出對(duì)主要水質(zhì)參數(shù)(TN、NH3-N、BOD5、CODmn)的顯著正相關(guān),城市綠地表現(xiàn)出的顯著正相關(guān)仍是一種偽相關(guān),在5000m尺度上邊界密度(ED)表現(xiàn)出對(duì)主要水質(zhì)參數(shù)的顯著正相關(guān)(DO、TP除外)；④2013-2014年水質(zhì)數(shù)據(jù)及年報(bào)水質(zhì)數(shù)據(jù)在RDA分析結(jié)果上基本一致：景觀變量對(duì)水質(zhì)變化的貢獻(xiàn)起主要作用,區(qū)域效應(yīng)對(duì)水質(zhì)變化的影響要大于河岸帶效應(yīng),景觀變量對(duì)水質(zhì)變化的相關(guān)性基本一致,例如農(nóng)業(yè)用地及水域?qū)O呈正相關(guān),工業(yè)用地、建設(shè)用地等對(duì)TN、NH3-N、CODmn等水質(zhì)參數(shù)呈負(fù)相關(guān)。(3)選取黃浦江下游為研究河段,通過(guò)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)查、GIS空間分析等研究方法,總結(jié)分析黃浦江下游河岸帶特征及存在的主要問(wèn)題,并針對(duì)未來(lái)河岸帶規(guī)劃提出建議。1)通過(guò)總結(jié)下游河岸帶特征可知：①大量的工業(yè)、市政等用地占據(jù)了下游河岸帶的公共資源,導(dǎo)致河岸帶公共開(kāi)放性差,河岸帶的硬質(zhì)化增加了污染物質(zhì)向河流的遷移轉(zhuǎn)化；②由于植被緩沖帶基本處于被侵占的狀態(tài),導(dǎo)致河岸帶缺乏能起到過(guò)濾污染物及保護(hù)生態(tài)等作用的連續(xù)植被帶；③下游河岸帶以工業(yè)、碼頭及倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)地為主的岸線利用能級(jí)偏低,功能轉(zhuǎn)型是未來(lái)的發(fā)展方向。2)針對(duì)未來(lái)規(guī)劃的建議：①在未來(lái)下游河岸帶規(guī)劃時(shí),給防汛通道、觀景平臺(tái)、植被緩沖帶預(yù)留空間,形成防汛安全、環(huán)境友好、功能優(yōu)化的岸線；②規(guī)劃實(shí)施后,置換出來(lái)的空地在專用防汛通道外建設(shè)橫向連續(xù)的植被緩沖帶(縱向?qū)挾龋?0-200m)；③產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整建議除保留必要的市政設(shè)施和工業(yè)外,其它的工業(yè)企業(yè)實(shí)施轉(zhuǎn)移,將河岸帶原有以交通運(yùn)輸、倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)碼頭、工業(yè)企業(yè)為主的岸線功能向以金融貿(mào)易、現(xiàn)代工業(yè)、生態(tài)居住等為主的綜合服務(wù)型功能轉(zhuǎn)變。
[Abstract]:Along with the development of city, city river ecological problems become more prominent, and the City River riparian activity is an important factor affecting the ecological environment of city water river. This paper takes Shanghai city as an example in the Huangpu River, with land use and landscape structure of Huangpu River riparian spatial variation based on the analysis of the solution, the relationship between response RDA regression analysis of Huangpu River riparian landscape structure and river water quality characteristics, research methods the investigation and interpretation of GIS field analysis of the combination of the Huangpu River downstream riparian zone and its relationship with water quality, and puts forward some suggestions for the future planning of riparian zone. The main work and conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) through the calculation of Huangpu River 5000m the buffer within the scope of land use dynamic degree, the transfer matrix and the degree of importance and the analysis of land use change, through calculation at the landscape level, patch type level The landscape index and to analyze the change of landscape spatial pattern, the results show that: 1. As the city continues to advance, the Huang Pujiang river with a large number of city construction land, industrial land use, road traffic, city greenbelt and upstream forest growing, agricultural land in the rapid reduction of water area has shrunk, land use mainly for the conversion of agricultural land to construction land, industrial land and traffic land conversion; 2000m within the scope of land use change in the middle and lower reaches of the river with Huang Pujiang (1965-2010), agricultural land, waters are declining, industrial land, construction land increased from the upper reaches of agriculture in 2010 land and woodland, mainly in land to construction, downstream of the industrial land and construction land; strengthening the human activities in the Huang Pujiang riparian land use types continuously enriched, patch The continuously increasing, the increase of spatial heterogeneity, a variety of landscape patches showing the distribution of dispersion and aggregation phenomenon. After nearly fifty years of development and evolution, the construction land in the Huangpu River downstream, industrial land and traffic land has replaced the advantage of land use types of agricultural land has become. (2) using redundancy analysis (RDA) study on the method of regression relationship between riparian landscape variables and water quality of Huangpu River, respectively by 500m, 1000m, 10 years calculation of 2013-2014 water quality monitoring points 2000m and 5000m four scales (DO, NH3-N, CODmn) and the 2010 land use landscape variables (PLAND, LPI, ED and PD) landscape variables and the regression coefficient of.1 land use and five annual report of a total of 25 water quality monitoring points and each year (2013-2014 years) of water flood season and non flood season) and 2010 land use landscape variables RDA analysis results showed that: the landscape variables for Huangpu River water quality changes in the main The factors of the scale are landscape parameters showed significant influence on water quality; with the increase of the scale, significant landscape variables have gradually increased, showed that the contribution of water landscape variables at the regional scale than the riparian scale, industrial land, construction land in regional scale has more obvious impact on water quality compared with the non flood season, flood season was more variable landscape river water quality will be affected, showed that rainfall runoff and other factors; the water land scale in flood and non flood research on Huangpu River water quality has a significant negative effect, when the flood of industrial land, construction land in 5000m scale on water quality was significantly related to the non flood season when the industrial land in the 5000m scale and the change of water quality and water quality was significantly related to.2) annual report each year of land use landscape variables RDA structural analysis showed: the landscape variables still Huangpu River water quality The dominant factors of spatial variation in the 1000-2000m scale, landscape spatial difference on water quality variables accounted for 60-70%, in the 5000m scale, accounted for 80.1%; with the increase of the scale, significant landscape variables are also showing a growing trend, in the 500m scale, only water and agricultural land was the landscape variable, after 1000m, with road traffic, construction land and city green added to the significant variables in the landscape variables on the water quality in the regional scale interpretation level is greater than the riparian scale; the 500m scale, agricultural land and water show on DO was positively correlated to other quality parameters (except TP) had a significant negative correlation, when the scale is larger than 1000m, the traffic land and construction land showed the main water quality parameters (TN, NH3-N, BOD5, CODmn) a significant positive correlation, city green space showed a significant positive correlation is a pseudo phase In 5000m, the scale of edge density (ED) of main water quality parameters showed significant positive correlation (DO, except TP); the 2013-2014 year annual water quality data and water quality data are basically the same in the RDA analysis results: contribution of landscape variables to the change of water quality plays a major role in the region, influence effect on the change of water quality than the riparian landscape effect, related to the change of water quality variables are basically the same, such as agricultural land and waters of DO was positively related to industrial land, construction land and so on TN, NH3-N, CODmn and other water quality parameters were negatively correlated. (3) select the Huangpu River downstream of the river, through field investigation and research methods GIS spatial analysis, summarize the main problems of the Huangpu River downstream riparian characteristics and the existence, and for the future of riparian zone planning proposals.1) by summing up the River riparian features: a large number of industrial, municipal and other land According to the public resources in the lower reaches of riparian zone, riparian zone to open public, hard of riparian zone increased conversion of pollutants into the river migration; due to the vegetation buffer zone in the occupation of the state, resulting in the lack of riparian zone can be filtered pollutants and protect the ecological effects of continuous vegetation zone; 3 the downstream riparian zone in the industrial, wharf and warehousing based shoreline use level is low, the function transformation is the future development direction of.2) for future planning suggestion in the future downstream riparian zone planning, to the flood control channel, the viewing platform, the reserved space vegetation buffer zones to form the safety of flood prevention, environment friendly, function optimization the shoreline; after the implementation of the plan, the replacement of open space in the special flood control channel construction with continuous vegetation buffer transverse (longitudinal width: 50-200m); the industrial structure adjustment on the renovation except for Paul The necessary municipal facilities and other industrial enterprises should be transferred to transform the riparian transport functions, which are mainly transportation, storage terminals and industrial enterprises, to the comprehensive service functions mainly based on financial trade, modern industry and ecological residence.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X52;F301.2

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 朱會(huì)義,李秀彬;關(guān)于區(qū)域土地利用變化指數(shù)模型方法的討論[J];地理學(xué)報(bào);2003年05期

2 胡召玲;杜培軍;趙昕;;徐州煤礦區(qū)土地利用變化分析[J];地理學(xué)報(bào);2007年11期

3 張以暉;李青;林逢春;;長(zhǎng)三角地區(qū)城市化進(jìn)程的環(huán)境壓力研究——以能源消費(fèi)為例[J];能源與環(huán)境;2014年05期

4 胡和兵;劉紅玉;郝敬鋒;安靜;;南京市九鄉(xiāng)河流域景觀格局空間分異對(duì)河流水質(zhì)的影響[J];環(huán)境科學(xué);2012年03期

5 曾輝,高凌云,夏潔;基于修正的轉(zhuǎn)移概率方法進(jìn)行城市景觀動(dòng)態(tài)研究——以南昌市區(qū)為例[J];生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào);2003年11期

6 劉珍環(huán);李正國(guó);楊鵬;王仰麟;;城市景觀組分影響水質(zhì)退化的閾值研究[J];生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào);2013年02期

7 陸敏;劉敏;侯立軍;歐冬妮;權(quán)瑞松;許世遠(yuǎn);俞立中;;上海降雨特征及其對(duì)城市水情災(zāi)害的影響[J];自然災(zāi)害學(xué)報(bào);2010年03期

8 徐光來(lái);許有鵬;徐宏亮;;城市化水文效應(yīng)研究進(jìn)展[J];自然資源學(xué)報(bào);2010年12期

9 官寶紅;李君;曾愛(ài)斌;鄧勁松;張軍;;杭州市城市土地利用對(duì)河流水質(zhì)的影響[J];資源科學(xué);2008年06期

10 曾慶慧;莊艷華;洪松;;城市化進(jìn)程中武昌沙湖流域面源污染負(fù)荷時(shí)空分布模擬[J];武漢大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(工學(xué)版);2012年06期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 趙軍;平原河網(wǎng)地區(qū)景觀格局變化與多尺度環(huán)境響應(yīng)研究[D];華東師范大學(xué);2008年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 李吉英;基于GIS的土地利用變化及驅(qū)動(dòng)力研究[D];東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2006年

2 林立清;近50年來(lái)上海地區(qū)不透水面變化的水文效應(yīng)及水環(huán)境閾值效應(yīng)研究[D];上海大學(xué);2014年

，

本文編號(hào)：1594355