本文選題：大熊貓生境　切入點：森林結構　出處：《云南師范大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：大熊貓作為中國特有的珍稀物種,其生活方式獨特且只適應在特定群落結構的森林環(huán)境下生存,森林組成和結構以及森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)生態(tài)功能的變化都會影響大熊貓的生存狀態(tài)。目前,基于森林結構分析的大熊貓生境適宜性評價研究比較少見,因此大熊貓生境的森林結構信息將成為大熊貓生境變化研究的一個重要內(nèi)容。本論文以臥龍大熊貓保護區(qū)為研究區(qū),結合衛(wèi)星遙感影像和地面實測樣方數(shù)據(jù)進行大熊貓生境分析,主要研究內(nèi)容及分析結果如下:(1)森林結構參數(shù)遙感反演與變化分析。利用研究區(qū)Landsat影像獲取植被指數(shù)分布,并利用SPSS軟件建立植被指數(shù)與實測數(shù)據(jù)(葉面積指數(shù)、無截取散射指數(shù))的關系模型,反演保護區(qū)森林空間結構。結果顯示:2001-2014年臥龍自然保護區(qū)森林葉面積指數(shù)降低,葉面積指數(shù)大于4的面積減少了4.12%,森林開闊度值大于0.2的區(qū)域面積增加了5%,森林郁閉度值大于0.9的區(qū)域面積減少了0.25%,森林植被覆蓋度值大于0.8的區(qū)域面積減少了22.94%。(2)生境適宜性評價�；诖笮茇埡圹E點對應的生境條件提取適宜生境的生態(tài)因子特征(地形因子、森林結構因子與道路干擾因子),并將這些因子作為大熊貓生境的影響因子進行適宜性評價。結果顯示:2001-2014年基于自然因子分析的大熊貓適宜生境總面積減少53.09 km2,其中最適宜、次適宜面積分別減少3.28 km2、49.81 km2;另外,由于道路修建造成大熊貓適宜生境總面積減少49.22 km2,其中最適宜、次適宜分別減少2.59 km2、46.63 km2。(3)適宜生境景觀格局分析。基于Patch Analysis模塊選取景觀斑塊指數(shù)進行計算,并分析在不同時間和不同適宜條件下大熊貓適宜生境斑塊面積和形狀指數(shù)的變化。結果顯示:2001-2014年由于自然因子條件限制,大熊貓適宜生境景觀斑塊總面積減少1417.92ha,適宜生境斑塊的平均面積減少0.31ha,斑塊面積標準差增加0.51,斑塊平均形狀指數(shù)增加0.02。當以穿過保護區(qū)的一條省道作為人類干擾因子對大熊貓適宜生境斑塊進行景觀格局分析時,大熊貓適宜生境景觀斑塊總面積減少1065.29 ha,斑塊平均面積減少0.02 ha,斑塊面積標準差增加0.54,平均斑塊形狀指數(shù)增加0.02,此結果表明該地區(qū)的適宜生境破碎化加重。
[Abstract]:As a unique and rare species in China, the giant panda has a unique lifestyle and is only suitable for survival in a forest environment with a specific community structure. Changes in forest composition and structure, as well as the ecological functions of forest ecosystems, will affect the survival status of giant pandas. At present, studies on the habitat suitability assessment of giant pandas based on forest structure analysis are rare. Therefore, the forest structure information of giant panda habitat will become an important part of the study of giant panda habitat change. In this paper, Wolong Giant Panda Reserve is taken as the research area. The habitat of giant panda was analyzed with satellite remote sensing image and ground measured sample data. The main research contents and results were as follows: 1) inversion and change analysis of forest structure parameters. The vegetation index distribution was obtained by Landsat image in the study area. The relationship between vegetation index and measured data (leaf area index, no cross-scattering index) was established by using SPSS software to invert the forest spatial structure of the protected area. The results showed that the forest leaf area index of Wolong Nature Reserve decreased from 2001 to 2014. The area with leaf area index greater than 4 decreased by 4.12, the area of area with forest broadness greater than 0.2 increased by 5, the area with forest canopy value greater than 0.9 decreased by 0.25, and the area with forest vegetation coverage greater than 0.8 decreased. 22.942.2.The assessment of habitat suitability. Based on the habitat conditions corresponding to giant panda trace points, the ecological factor characteristics (topographic factors) of suitable habitat were extracted. Forest structure factors and road disturbance factors were used to evaluate the suitability of giant panda habitat. The results showed that the total area of suitable habitat of giant panda was reduced by 53.09 km ~ 2 from 2001 to 2014. In addition, due to the construction of roads, the total area of suitable habitat for giant pandas was reduced by 49.22 km2, among which, Analysis of landscape pattern of suitable habitat by reducing 2.59 km ~ 2 ~ 2 ~ (2 +) ~ 46.63 km ~ (2 / 3) respectively. Based on Patch Analysis module, landscape patch index was selected to calculate. The changes of patch area and shape index of giant panda suitable habitat for different time and suitable conditions were analyzed. The results showed that: 2001-2014 was restricted by natural factors. The total area of suitable habitat patch of giant panda decreased by 1417.92ha. the average area of suitable habitat patch decreased 0.31ha. the standard deviation of patch area increased 0.51and the average shape index of patch increased 0.02.When a provincial road passing through the protected area was used as human disturbance, the patch area standard deviation increased by 0.51. Factors were used to analyze the landscape pattern of suitable habitat patches for giant panda. The total patch area of suitable habitat of giant panda decreased by 1065.29 haa, the average patch area decreased 0.02 haa, the standard deviation of patch area increased 0.54, and the average patch shape index increased 0.02, which indicated that the fragmentation of suitable habitat in this area was aggravated.
【學位授予單位】：云南師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S718.6;S771.8

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