本文關(guān)鍵詞： 民俗文化 先鋒小說 民間戲曲 故事傳說 民俗信仰 民俗儀式　出處：《湖南大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：20世紀(jì)80年代中期興起的先鋒文學(xué)思潮是中國當(dāng)代文學(xué)史上的重要文學(xué)現(xiàn)象,以莫言、蘇童、余華、扎西達(dá)娃、格非、馬原等為代表的先鋒作家在中國文壇掀起了一場聲勢浩大的文學(xué)變革。然而人們常常關(guān)注先鋒作家對西方文學(xué)的吸收和運(yùn)用,鮮少從傳統(tǒng)民俗文化方面研究先鋒小說。其實(shí),先鋒小說在以反傳統(tǒng)的面貌出現(xiàn)之時(shí),也與中國傳統(tǒng)民俗文化結(jié)緣和互動,并從傳統(tǒng)文化中自覺或不自覺地汲取文學(xué)養(yǎng)料。民俗是特定區(qū)域、特定族群中具有普遍經(jīng)驗(yàn)的生活文化,它既是一種文化現(xiàn)象,又是一種民間生活現(xiàn)象。民俗文化是一個國家地區(qū)或民族世代承襲和延續(xù)的民間文化,它是集體智慧的結(jié)晶,并借由民眾口頭和行為心理表現(xiàn)出來,包括宗教、信仰、法律、道德、文學(xué)、藝術(shù)等創(chuàng)造,這些以口耳相傳方式進(jìn)行傳承的民俗事象,有著足夠的影響力對民眾的行為和心理產(chǎn)生約束。先鋒作家作為文學(xué)創(chuàng)作的主體,有著自身的民俗文化養(yǎng)成和情結(jié),特定地域的民俗生活經(jīng)歷以及作家自身的人生經(jīng)歷和民俗意識等都對其文學(xué)創(chuàng)作產(chǎn)生影響,它們制約著作家的思維方式和行為方式,并且給予作家豐富的創(chuàng)作靈感和素材。本文從民俗文化角度審視80年代中后期先鋒小說的創(chuàng)作,運(yùn)用民俗文化學(xué)理論分析該時(shí)期的先鋒小說創(chuàng)作。論文主要從四個方面展開分析:首先,民間戲曲的汲取上,先鋒小說充分吸收傳統(tǒng)戲曲精髓,如莫言小說對民間說唱、茂腔的運(yùn)用,有利小說人物形象的塑造和文本形式的展開;蘇童小說對蘇州評彈的“敷演”、“關(guān)子”、“弄堂”等技巧的借鑒,有利小說張弛有度的敘事節(jié)奏的形成。其次,民間故事傳說的運(yùn)用上,先鋒小說運(yùn)用大量故事傳說作為敘事素材,著重挖掘民間故事傳說的神秘意蘊(yùn),對莫言、扎西達(dá)娃小說中神秘世界的形成產(chǎn)生重要影響。再次,民俗信仰的刻畫上,祖先崇拜、巫鬼信仰以及術(shù)數(shù)文化的滲透,為先鋒小說帶來神秘靈性、詭異迷離的敘述效果。最后,在民俗儀式的運(yùn)用上,先鋒小說對婚嫁儀式、喪葬儀式、祭祀儀式和節(jié)日儀式的著墨,有利小說情節(jié)的發(fā)展并為主題的表達(dá)提供特殊的民俗文化氛圍。論文從以上四個方面展開論述,以期扭轉(zhuǎn)以往對先鋒小說“全盤西化”的印象,揭示為人所忽視的文學(xué)景觀和審美追求。
[Abstract]:In the middle of 1980s, the vanguard literary trend of thought was an important literary phenomenon in the history of Chinese contemporary literature. The vanguard writers, such as Ma Yuan, have set off a tremendous literary revolution in Chinese literary circles. However, people often pay attention to the absorption and application of western literature by pioneer writers, and seldom study vanguard novels from the aspects of traditional folk culture. In fact, When the avant-garde novels appeared in the face of anti-tradition, they were also related to and interacted with Chinese traditional folklore culture, and absorbed literature nourishment consciously or unconsciously from the traditional culture. Folklore is a special region. The life culture with universal experience in a particular ethnic group is not only a cultural phenomenon but also a folk life phenomenon. Folklore culture is a folk culture inherited and continued from generation to generation in a country, region or nation, and it is the crystallization of collective wisdom. And through the oral and behavioral psychology of the people, including religion, belief, law, morality, literature, art and so on, these folklore events passed down by word of mouth. As the main body of literary creation, vanguard writers have their own folklore culture cultivation and complex. The folklore life experience of the specific region, the writer's own life experience and folk custom consciousness all have an influence on his literary creation, which restrict the writer's way of thinking and behavior. This paper examines the creation of pioneer novels in the middle and late period of 80s from the perspective of folklore culture. This paper analyzes the pioneer novel creation in this period by using the theory of folk culture. The thesis mainly analyzes from four aspects: first, the absorption of folk opera, the avant-garde novel fully absorbs the essence of traditional opera, such as Mo Yan's novel to folk rap. The use of Mao cavity is beneficial to the creation of characters and the development of text form; Su Tong's reference to Suzhou's techniques such as "application", "Guan Zi", "lane Tang" and so on, is conducive to the formation of the narrative rhythm of the novel Zhang Chi. In the use of folklore legends, pioneer novels use a large number of stories and legends as narrative materials, focusing on the mysterious implications of folklore legends, which have an important impact on the formation of mysterious world in Mozilla and Zasidawa's novels. Again, The depiction of folklore, the worship of ancestors, the belief of witches and ghosts and the infiltration of the culture of magic and numbers bring mysterious, spiritual and eerie narrative effects to the vanguard novels. Finally, in the application of folklore rituals, the vanguard novels have a marriage ceremony. Funeral ceremonies, sacrificial ceremonies and festival ceremonies are conducive to the development of the plot of the novel and provide a special folk cultural atmosphere for the expression of the theme. In order to reverse the previous impressions of "total westernization" of vanguard novels, to reveal the neglected literary landscape and aesthetic pursuit.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：I207.42

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