熱帶森林NPP時(shí)空變化及其氣候響應(yīng)的對(duì)比分析
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-02-27 01:29
本文關(guān)鍵詞： 熱帶森林 NPP 全球變化 區(qū)域?qū)Ρ确治?/strong> 出處：《中國(guó)科學(xué)院大學(xué)(中國(guó)科學(xué)院遙感與數(shù)字地球研究所)》2017年碩士論文 論文類型：學(xué)位論文
【摘要】：熱帶森林是全球碳循環(huán)的重要組成部分,其碳匯作用受到全球變化的影響并對(duì)其產(chǎn)生反饋,研究分析熱帶森林碳匯強(qiáng)度的時(shí)空變化及其氣候響應(yīng),對(duì)理解熱帶森林與氣候變化的相互作用關(guān)系、進(jìn)一步認(rèn)識(shí)全球熱帶森林碳匯變化機(jī)制具有重要意義。植被凈初級(jí)生產(chǎn)力(NPP)是植物光合作用有機(jī)物質(zhì)的凈創(chuàng)造,作為表征陸地生態(tài)過程的關(guān)鍵參數(shù),是理解地表碳循環(huán)過程重要組成部分。已有不少研究對(duì)熱帶森林與氣候變化的相互作用進(jìn)行了分析與探索,但仍缺少較系統(tǒng)的區(qū)域?qū)Ρ确治?以及熱帶森林NPP空間分布格局特點(diǎn)的有關(guān)分析�；谏鲜鰡栴},本文利用2001-2013年的MODIS數(shù)據(jù)及氣候數(shù)據(jù),通過時(shí)間序列分析、景觀格局分析、相關(guān)性分析等方法,對(duì)全球熱帶NPP及其影響因素進(jìn)行了對(duì)比分析。本文的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容和結(jié)論包括:(1)利用時(shí)序分析和景觀格局分析方法對(duì)全球熱帶NPP的時(shí)空變化特征進(jìn)行了研究,結(jié)果表明,2001-2013年亞馬遜研究區(qū)西部及東南亞地區(qū)NPP明顯減少,剛果盆地南部NPP明顯增加。單位面積NPP高于1800 gC/m2的森林主要分布在亞馬遜平原西部安第斯山脈東側(cè)和馬達(dá)加斯加島東部地區(qū);NPP低于600 gC/m2的森林主要分布在亞馬遜流域研究區(qū)西南部、非洲上幾內(nèi)亞高原西部及印度半島地區(qū)。2001-2013年間熱帶森林總NPP整體呈下降趨勢(shì),在2004年總NPP最高(約16.13 PgC),2005年最低(約14.83 PgC),在2004-2005和2009-2010年顯著減少,2010年以后呈增加趨勢(shì)。NPP減少較劇烈(-20gC/(m2·a))的森林主要分布在亞馬遜研究區(qū)西部和東南亞研究區(qū)中部,NPP增加較顯著(20 gC/(m2·a))的森林主要分布在剛果盆地南部地區(qū)。(2)利用單因子相關(guān)分析和多因子偏相關(guān)分析方法,對(duì)三大熱帶森林分布區(qū)NPP及其影響因子進(jìn)行了對(duì)比,結(jié)果顯示,亞馬遜研究區(qū)NPP較高且穩(wěn)定,東南亞研究區(qū)較低且不穩(wěn)定;亞馬遜研究區(qū)NPP受溫度影響較大,剛果河研究區(qū)受樹木覆蓋率影響較大,東南亞研究區(qū)受溫度、PAR影響較大。亞馬遜研究區(qū)森林單位面積NPP和總NPP均為最高,剛果河研究區(qū)總NPP最低,東南亞研究區(qū)單位面積NPP最低。由景觀格局分析得到,亞馬遜研究區(qū)NPP斑塊聚集度高,森林穩(wěn)定性好;東南亞研究區(qū)NPP斑塊破碎度高,森林穩(wěn)定性差。亞馬遜研究區(qū)整體溫度較高,NPP變化受樹木覆蓋率及氣候因子影響均較小,主要森林分布區(qū)NPP與溫度和PAR呈負(fù)相關(guān)。剛果河研究區(qū)溫度較低、PAR較高,森林NPP整體受樹木覆蓋率影響較大,氣候因子中受PAR的影響較大。東南亞研究區(qū)降水較多,較為濕潤(rùn),森林NPP與降水呈負(fù)相關(guān),與溫度、PAR呈正相關(guān),受氣候因子影響顯著。(3)綜合利用時(shí)間序列分析及相關(guān)性分析方法,對(duì)比分析了東南亞11國(guó),包括5個(gè)熱帶濕潤(rùn)氣候區(qū)國(guó)家和6個(gè)熱帶干旱氣候區(qū)國(guó)家的NPP時(shí)空變化及其影響因子,結(jié)果表明,2001-2013年間,東南亞地區(qū)11國(guó)森林NPP明顯減少,樹木覆蓋率變化較小,不同國(guó)家NPP變化及影響因子存在差異,其中熱帶干旱區(qū)國(guó)家受溫度影響較大,熱帶濕潤(rùn)區(qū)國(guó)家受PAR影響較大。東南亞大部分國(guó)家樹木覆蓋率變化不大而NPP呈減少趨勢(shì),熱帶濕潤(rùn)氣候區(qū)NPP減少更為明顯。根據(jù)NPP大小和變化趨勢(shì)可將11國(guó)森林分為NPP高且波動(dòng)(緬甸、越南、老撾),NPP低且波動(dòng)(泰國(guó)、柬埔寨),NPP在05-08年陡降(馬來(lái)西亞、文萊、新家坡)和NPP緩慢下降(印度尼西亞、菲律賓、東帝汶)4種類型,其中第Ⅲ類氣候響應(yīng)最為敏感,第Ⅳ類對(duì)樹木覆蓋率響應(yīng)敏感。熱帶干旱區(qū)國(guó)家森林NPP受到溫度的主導(dǎo)作用較強(qiáng),熱帶濕潤(rùn)區(qū)國(guó)家受PAR的主導(dǎo)作用較強(qiáng)。
[Abstract]:Tropical forest is an important part of the global carbon cycle, the effect of carbon sink by the global changes and generate feedback on the analysis of temporal and spatial variation of tropical forest carbon sink strength and its response to climate change, to understand the interaction between the tropical forests and climate change, has important significance to further understanding of the global tropical forest carbon sink change mechanism. Net primary productivity (NPP) is a net to create plant photosynthesis of organic matter, is a key parameter of terrestrial ecological process, is an important part of the process of understanding the surface carbon cycle. There is not a small study of interaction between forest and tropical climate change are analyzed and explored, but there is a lack of systematic analysis of regional comparison. And the analysis of pattern characteristics of tropical forest NPP spatial distribution. Based on the above problems, this paper uses MODIS data and climate data for 2001-2013 years, Through the time series analysis, landscape pattern analysis, correlation analysis and other methods, factors of tropical NPP global and its influence are analyzed. The main research contents and conclusions include: (1) analysis method for tropical NPP global spatial variation characteristics were studied by means of time series analysis and landscape pattern. The results show that the Western Amazon the study area for 2001-2013 years and Southeast Asia NPP decreased significantly, NPP in southern Congo basin increased significantly. NPP per unit area of more than 1800 gC/m2 are mainly distributed in the Amazon forest in the western plain of the eastern side of the Andes and the eastern part of Madagascar island area; NPP less than 600 gC/m2 forest mainly distributed in the southwestern part of the study area in the Amazon basin, Guinea plateau and West Africa the India Peninsula region between.2001-2013 tropical forest total NPP overall downward trend, in 2004 the highest total NPP (about 16.13 PgC), 2005 The lowest (about 14.83 PgC), in 2004-2005 and 2009-2010 years was significantly reduced after 2010 increased.NPP decreased more severe (-20gC/ (M2 - a)) of the forest is mainly distributed in the central region of Southeast Asia and the Western Amazon in the study area, NPP increased significantly (20 gC/ (M2 - a)) of the main forest distribution in the southern area of Congo basin. (2) using partial correlation analysis method of single factor analysis and multi factor of three tropical forest area NPP and its influencing factors were compared. The results show that the Amazon NPP the study area is high and stable, Southeast Asia research area is low and unstable; Amazon NPP the study area affected by temperature affected by tree coverage affected Congo River study area, Southeast temperature of the study area, PAR of the study area. The Amazon forest unit NPP and total NPP were the highest, the total NPP of the Congo river area is lowest, the Southeast Asia research area Area NPP is the lowest. By the analysis of landscape pattern of study area, the Amazon NPP plaque high degree of aggregation, forest stability; Southeast Asia research area NPP fragmentation is high, the high temperature stability. The whole forest Amazon research area, NPP change trees coverage rate and climatic factors are small, the main forest distribution area of NPP is negative correlation with temperature and PAR. The Congo River study area of low temperature, high PAR, NPP whole forest tree coverage affected climatic factors seriously affected by PAR. The more precipitation and more humid area of Southeast Asian Studies, was negatively correlated with precipitation and temperature in forest NPP, PAR positive correlation significantly affected by climatic factors. (3) the comprehensive utilization of time series analysis and correlation analysis method, comparative analysis of the 11 Southeast Asian countries, including NPP and the changes of national space-time 5 tropical moist climate region and 6 tropical arid climate region The results show that the impact factor, 2001-2013 years, Southeast Asia country forest NPP 11 significantly reduced, tree coverage changes smaller differences between the variations and influencing factors of NPP in different countries, including National Tropical arid areas affected by temperature, tropical humid zone countries by PAR influence. Most of the countries in Southeast Asia and NPP changes little tree coverage showed a decreasing trend, the tropical humid climate region NPP reduced more significantly. According to the size of NPP and the trend of the 11 national forests are divided into NPP high and volatile (Burma, Vietnam, Laos), NPP (Thailand, Kampuchea and the low volatility), NPP in 05-08 falls (Malaysia, Brunei, Singapore) slow down and NPP (Indonesia, Philippines, East Timor) 4 types, of which the third class climate was the most sensitive, sensitive to the response rate of type IV trees. Tropical arid country forest dominated by temperature is NPP The strong and humid regions in the tropics are dominated by the PAR.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)院大學(xué)(中國(guó)科學(xué)院遙感與數(shù)字地球研究所)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S718.5
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