本文關(guān)鍵詞： 土地利用結(jié)構(gòu) 水土流失 影響 寧鄉(xiāng)縣　出處：《中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：水土流失是一個(gè)全球性的問(wèn)題。我國(guó)是世界上水土流失最為嚴(yán)重的國(guó)家之一,隨著城市化進(jìn)程的加快使得我國(guó)城市水土流失現(xiàn)象日益嚴(yán)重。水土資源是一個(gè)城市發(fā)展的根本,是城市得以發(fā)展的最基本的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ),本文選取寧鄉(xiāng)縣為研究對(duì)象,通過(guò)對(duì)研究區(qū)域內(nèi)的土地利用結(jié)構(gòu)變化和水土流失強(qiáng)度的分析,并找出它們之間的聯(lián)系,為我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)城鎮(zhèn)地區(qū)的土地合理化利用和水土流失防治提供理論依據(jù)。主要研究結(jié)果如下：(1)研究區(qū)域內(nèi)林地(有林地和灌木林地、常綠針葉林和常綠闊葉林)面積比重較大,呈現(xiàn)片狀分布；水田面積次之,水田沿著林地邊緣呈線(xiàn)狀分布；其他地類(lèi)面積比例不高,其余地類(lèi)基本呈現(xiàn)點(diǎn)狀分布。(2)研究區(qū)域內(nèi)的水田和旱地面積變化率不高；林地(有林地和灌木林地)面積變化也不大；但是草地和水域面積減少率較大,1986-2005年間草地的減少了4.842km2和10.282km2,面積減少率分別為48.98%和29.09%。(3)研究區(qū)域從1986-1995年這9年間無(wú)流失面積沒(méi)有變化,輕度流失面積減少了295.424km2,中度流失、強(qiáng)度流失、極強(qiáng)度流失和劇烈流失面積分布增加5.52%、3.78%、0.84%和0.02%；1995-2002年這7年間無(wú)流失面積減少了16.21%,這些基本上全部轉(zhuǎn)化為輕度流失,中度和強(qiáng)度流失面積變化不大,極強(qiáng)度和劇烈流失面積變化率變化較大；2002-005年這3年間流失面積變化,與1986-1995年的變化趨勢(shì)基本相同,無(wú)流失面積基本無(wú)變化,輕度流失面積減少,其余流失面積增加,中度流失和極強(qiáng)度流失面積增加率最高,分別達(dá)到了112.44%和60.29%。(4)在1986-1995-2002-2005年間,微度流失的斑塊數(shù)(NP)在逐漸增加,表明微度流失的破碎度在逐漸增加,輕度流失的斑塊數(shù)在逐漸減少,中度流失、強(qiáng)度流失、極強(qiáng)度流失和劇烈流失斑塊數(shù)的變化規(guī)律不明顯；最大斑塊數(shù)(LPI)在1986-2005年間都是微度流失最大,在1986年時(shí)為最大值80.11146,2002年最小為63.3997；1986-2005年間,斑塊形狀指數(shù)都是微度流失輕度流失中度流失強(qiáng)度流失極強(qiáng)度流失劇烈流失；它的變化規(guī)律與斑塊形狀指數(shù)的變化趨勢(shì)一致。(5)從景觀(guān)角度來(lái)看,水土流失斑塊數(shù)從1986年的1002個(gè)增加到了2005年的3211個(gè)；斑塊密度從1986年的0.3525增加到了1.4763；最大斑塊指數(shù)和蔓延度指數(shù)成減小趨勢(shì),而散布與并列指數(shù)、多樣性指數(shù)和均勻度指數(shù)增加趨勢(shì)。
[Abstract]:Soil erosion is a global problem. China is the world's one of the most serious soil erosion in the country, with the city to accelerate the process of making our city soil erosion phenomenon has become increasingly serious. Water resources are fundamental to the development of a city, is the city to the development of the most basic material foundation, this paper selects Ningxiang County as the research object, through the analysis of land use structure change and soil erosion intensity in the study area, and find out the relationship between them, to provide a theoretical basis for economic development in China's urban areas reasonable land utilization and soil erosion prevention. The main results are as follows: (1) in the study area of forest (Woodland and the shrub, evergreen coniferous forest and evergreen broad-leaved forest) area of a larger proportion, showing patchy distribution; paddy field area of paddy field along the forest edge linear distribution area; other than class The rest of the class were not high, showed a punctate distribution. (2) in the study area of paddy field and dry land area change rate is not high; forest (Woodland and shrub land area) has little change; but the grassland and water area reduction rate is larger, 1986-2005 years of grassland decreased by 4.842km2 and 10.282km2, reduced the area respectively. 48.98% and 29.09%. (3) the study area from the 9 years 1986-1995 years without erosion area did not change, mild erosion area decreased by 295.424km2, moderate erosion intensity, erosion, extreme intensity erosion and severe loss distribution area increased by 5.52%, 3.78%, 0.84% and 0.02%; the 7 years 1995-2002 years without the loss of these area decreased by 16.21%. Basically all into mild erosion, moderate erosion area and little change in strength, strength and extremely severe loss area change rate changes; 2002-005 years in the 3 years the loss of area change, and 1986-199 The change trend of 5 years is basically the same, no change of erosion area, mild erosion area decreased, the erosion area increased, moderate erosion and extremely intensity erosion area increase rate is highest, respectively 112.44% and 60.29%. (4) during 1986-1995-2002-2005, micro flow loss of the number of patches (NP) showed a gradual increase in the micro erosion fragmentation of a gradual increase in the number of patches of light erosion is declining in moderate erosion, strength loss, strength loss and variation of extremely severe loss of the number of patches is not obvious; the maximum number of patches (LPI) in 1986-2005 years are slight loss, to the maximum value of the minimum of 63.3997 in 80.111462002 years in 1986; 1986-2005, patch shape index is slight loss of light erosion moderate erosion intensity loss severe severe loss; trend and shape index of it . (5) from the perspective of the landscape, soil and water loss in the number of patches increased from 1002 in 1986 to 3211 in 2005; the patch density increased from 0.3525 in 1986 to 1.4763; the largest patch index and contagion index decreasing trend, and interspersion and juxtaposition index, diversity index and evenness increased the number of index.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S157.1;F301.24

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