本文關(guān)鍵詞：太湖流域土地利用生態(tài)安全評(píng)價(jià)研究　出處：《華中師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 土地利用 景觀格局 生態(tài)安全評(píng)價(jià) 太湖流域

【摘要】：太湖流域地處長(zhǎng)江三角洲,地理位置優(yōu)越,氣候宜人,自然資源豐富,同全國(guó)其他地區(qū)相比經(jīng)濟(jì)更發(fā)達(dá)、人口更密集、城市化程度更高。但由于受到日益加劇的人類活動(dòng)影響,太湖流域面臨著水質(zhì)污染、環(huán)境惡化、生態(tài)系統(tǒng)退化等一系列生態(tài)環(huán)境問(wèn)題,生態(tài)安全受到威脅。社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)與環(huán)境條件變化對(duì)土地利用履被景觀格局有直接影響,也近一步影響到區(qū)域生態(tài)安全,故研究土地利用/覆被格局空間演變規(guī)律,并定量評(píng)價(jià)區(qū)域生態(tài)安全態(tài)勢(shì),對(duì)于促進(jìn)區(qū)域土地資源可持續(xù)利用和生態(tài)、社會(huì)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展有重要理論和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。因此本文以太湖流域?yàn)檠芯繉?duì)象,在地理信息系統(tǒng)技術(shù)支持下,借助景觀生態(tài)學(xué)理論和生態(tài)安全評(píng)價(jià)有關(guān)研究方法,系統(tǒng)分析研究區(qū)土地利用現(xiàn)狀和景觀格局空間演變規(guī)律,在建立不同尺度下太湖流域生態(tài)安全評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)的基礎(chǔ)上定量評(píng)價(jià)了太湖流域生態(tài)安全狀況及聚集特征,主要研究結(jié)論如下：(1)太湖流域土地利用中以耕地所占比例最大,為35.38%,建設(shè)用地次之,為23.55%,未利用土地(包括荒地、裸地)最少,僅為1.8%。流域內(nèi)耕地總體呈現(xiàn)東部多西部少的空間分布形態(tài)；林地主要集中于西南部,以湖州市、杭州市和無(wú)錫市等為主要集中城市；水域分布則以太湖為中心,呈現(xiàn)由東北向西南逐漸減少的空間分布形態(tài)；建設(shè)用地分布分散,大部分集中于太湖流域東部,且與耕地的分布呈一定交疊性,反映出流域內(nèi)人類活動(dòng)的空間特性和強(qiáng)度。草地、未利用地面積比例僅為4.42%,且零散分布。(2)從景觀類型指數(shù)來(lái)看,太湖流域西南部和東部耕地景觀斑塊破碎度較大,形狀不規(guī)則,而西北部和東南部耕地景觀破碎度相對(duì)較小、斑塊形狀較規(guī)則；流域西南部林地景觀斑塊破碎度較大,且形狀不規(guī)則,東部林地景觀破碎度相對(duì)較小、形狀較規(guī)則；太湖流域西北部水域景觀斑塊破碎度較大,斑塊形狀不規(guī)則；太湖流域東南部和北部建設(shè)用地景觀破碎度較大,形狀不規(guī)則,其余區(qū)域建設(shè)用地破碎度相對(duì)較�。徊莸�、未利用土地斑塊零星分布,破碎度較大,且密集區(qū)域形狀不規(guī)則。(3)從景觀總體水平指數(shù)來(lái)看,太湖流域景觀類型豐富,各類景觀呈均衡化分布趨勢(shì)的區(qū)域主要包括西北部、湖州市的德清等區(qū)域；太湖流域邊緣如杭州市的臨安縣、上海市東南部靠近黃浦江地區(qū)、以及太湖湖體區(qū),景觀類型呈現(xiàn)單一化趨勢(shì),少數(shù)優(yōu)勢(shì)景觀類型的支配作用較大,景觀破碎度較小,不同斑塊類型的鄰接概率較小。(4)以土地利用、景觀格局及統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ),構(gòu)建太湖流域市域和網(wǎng)格兩個(gè)尺度下的生態(tài)安全評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系,然后計(jì)算獲取了太湖流域多尺度下的生態(tài)安全指數(shù)和生態(tài)安全等級(jí)。市域尺度上的生態(tài)安全情況以安全和較安全為主,另有少量—般安全和較不安全的市級(jí)行政區(qū)；生態(tài)安全狀況最好的為湖州市,生態(tài)安全指數(shù)為0.7299,杭州市、鎮(zhèn)江市為較安全狀態(tài),生態(tài)安全指數(shù)分別為0.6483、0.6157。而上海市、嘉興市、南京市生態(tài)安全綜合情況相對(duì)較差,均未超過(guò)0.45,生態(tài)安全等級(jí)為4級(jí),為較不安全狀態(tài)�？傮w看來(lái),流域生態(tài)安全指數(shù)自西南向東逐漸降低。網(wǎng)格尺度上,生態(tài)安全指數(shù)最大值為0.7111,最小值為0.2807,結(jié)果數(shù)據(jù)基本符合正態(tài)分布；生態(tài)安全等級(jí)以較安全狀態(tài)為主,狀態(tài)較好的區(qū)域主要集中在流域北部,且基本相連；處于較不安全狀態(tài)的主要是太湖湖體區(qū)。生態(tài)安全指數(shù)高值區(qū)與低值區(qū)的分布基本與市域尺度的評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果趨同,且網(wǎng)格生態(tài)安全指數(shù)呈現(xiàn)空間集聚特性。
[Abstract]:Taihu basin is located in the Yangtze River Delta, geographical location, pleasant climate, abundant natural resources, compared with other areas in more developed economies, more densely populated city, higher degree. But due to the impact of human activities increasing, Taihu basin faces water pollution, deterioration of the environment, a series of ecological environment problems degraded ecosystem, ecological security is threatened. The changes of social economic activities and the environmental conditions of land use cover has a direct impact on the landscape pattern, also further affect the regional ecological security, so the study of land use / cover spatial pattern evolution, evaluation of regional ecological security situation and quantitative, for promoting regional sustainable utilization land resources and ecology, has important theoretical and practical significance to social harmonious development. Therefore this paper takes Taihu basin as the research object, in the geographic information system technology support, with the help of The research on the evaluation methods of landscape ecology and ecological security system, analysis of current situation and landscape evolution of the spatial pattern of land use in the study area, based on a different scale of ecological security of Taihu basin on the evaluation index of quantitative evaluation and accumulation characteristics of ecological security of Taihu basin, the main conclusions are as follows: (1) the land use in Taihu the cultivated land is the largest proportion, 35.38%, construction land of 23.55%, unused land (including land, bare land) at least, only 1.8%. of arable land basin shows the distribution of less space in East West; woodland mainly concentrated in the southwest, in Huzhou City, Hangzhou city and Wuxi city etc. as the main focus city; water distribution in Taihu as the center, decreasing gradually from the northeast to the southwest of the spatial distribution of construction land; distribution of concentrated in Taihu The eastern basin, and the distribution of cultivated land and forms a certain overlap, reflect the spatial characteristics and intensity of human activities in the river basin. Grassland, unused area proportion is only 4.42%, and scattered distribution. (2) from the landscape index of Taihu basin, southwest and east of farmland landscape patch fragmentation, shape the irregular, and the northwest and southeast of farmland landscape patch shape is relatively small, the southwest basin rules; forest landscape fragmentation is large, and the shape is irregular, the eastern woodland landscape fragmentation is relatively small, with regular shape; Taihu basin northwest water landscape fragmentation is larger, irregular patch shape; the construction of the southeast and north of the Taihu basin land landscape fragmentation, irregular shape, the area of construction land fragmentation is relatively small; grassland, unused land patches scattered distribution, fragmentation , and the dense regions of irregular shape. (3) from the overall level of landscape index, Taihu basin landscape types, landscape distribution equalization trend mainly distributed in Northwest Huzhou City Deqing area; Taihu basin edge such as Hangzhou City, Ling'an County, Southeast of Shanghai, near the Huangpu River area, and Taihu Lake area, the landscape types showed a single trend, a few dominant landscape types dominate the landscape fragmentation is larger, smaller, adjacent smaller probability of different patch types. (4) the land use and landscape pattern based on the statistical data, construct the evaluation index system of ecology security domain and grid in Taihu basin in two scale then, the calculation of ecological security index and ecological security level for Taihu basin scale. The ecological security situation on city scale in a safe and relatively safe, while a small amount of- The municipal administrative region as safe and less safe; the status of ecological security in Huzhou was the best city, the ecological security index of 0.7299, Hangzhou City, Zhenjiang City, is a relatively safe state, the ecological security index are 0.6483,0.6157. and Shanghai City, Jiaxing City, the comprehensive situation of ecological security in Nanjing city is relatively poor, no more than 0.45, the ecological the level of security for the 4, less safe state. Overall, ecological security index of river basin from the southwest to the east gradually decreased. The grid scale, the ecological security index of the maximum value is 0.7111, the minimum value is 0.2807, the data accord with normal distribution; ecological security level to a safe state, regional state better mainly concentrated in the northern basin, and connected; in relatively unsafe state is mainly the Taihu Lake area. The ecological security index of high value area and low value area distribution and city scale evaluation results The convergence of the grid ecological security index shows the characteristics of spatial agglomeration.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：F301.2;X826

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本文編號(hào)：1438156