發(fā)布時間：2018-01-17 13:30

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：南昌市紅谷灘新區(qū)居住綠地的生態(tài)效應(yīng)研究　出處：《東華理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 城市綠地 居住區(qū) 紅谷灘新區(qū) 生態(tài)效應(yīng)

【摘要】：隨著城市經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,城市人口的增加和規(guī)模的擴(kuò)張,城市環(huán)境受到巨大的威脅和挑戰(zhàn)。快速城市化使原有自然下墊面被一些硬質(zhì)鋪磚代替,下墊面性質(zhì)的改變,加劇了城市內(nèi)的小氣候變化,使得城市熱島效應(yīng)、城市內(nèi)澇、霧霾污染等一系列環(huán)境問題頻發(fā),不僅阻礙了城市經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,還影響人們健康安全。已有研究表明,增加居住區(qū)綠地面積是改善城市環(huán)境的有效方法,居住區(qū)綠地在降溫增濕、固碳釋氧、防洪減災(zāi)和滯塵去污等方面有重要的生態(tài)調(diào)節(jié)功能。傳統(tǒng)的綠地研究指標(biāo),多以二維為主,為了彌補(bǔ)二維綠化指標(biāo)的不足,出現(xiàn)了以綠化三維量為代表的三維綠量指標(biāo)。針對綠化三維量的研究,多集中于測算方面,現(xiàn)有的研究以城市大尺度為主,對于居住區(qū)小尺度研究較少。本文采用植物地理學(xué)、景觀生態(tài)學(xué)等理論知識,并結(jié)合實(shí)地調(diào)查,以南昌市紅谷灘新區(qū)的三個居住小區(qū)為研究對象,對小區(qū)內(nèi)植被種類、綠地類型、群落結(jié)構(gòu)等指標(biāo)調(diào)查,根據(jù)每個小區(qū)的植被現(xiàn)狀,選取20m×20m樣方10個,無綠化植被覆蓋對比樣方1個,于2016年8月到2016年9月,2016年12月到2017年1月期間,分別測定了居住小區(qū)樣方內(nèi)植被的溫度、濕度、PM_(2.5)濃度和滯塵量等指標(biāo),并將綠化三維量與植被降溫增濕等指標(biāo)進(jìn)行定量分析,分析居住區(qū)綠地在不同植被搭配、不同綠化形式下的生態(tài)效應(yīng)的變化,為城市小區(qū)綠地生態(tài)建設(shè)找出最適宜的植被配置,并對未來城市綠地發(fā)展提供理論依據(jù)。研究結(jié)果如下:(1)測量喬木、灌木的冠下高、冠幅,按照樹冠形狀運(yùn)用模型公式,可快速計(jì)算單棵喬木、灌木綠化三維量。在三個小區(qū)所選樣方內(nèi),喬木層占總綠化三維量的主體,而灌木和草本比例很小,說明綠化三維量主要由樣方內(nèi)喬木層決定。(2)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)降溫程度、增濕程度與樣方內(nèi)綠化三維量有明顯相關(guān)性,利用Logistic曲線進(jìn)行非線性擬合,相關(guān)系數(shù)Adj.R2均在0.90左右,擬合效果較好,并發(fā)現(xiàn)樣方內(nèi)綠化三維量臨界值在1000 m3上下時,植物降溫增濕基本達(dá)到效果,降溫增濕幅度趨于穩(wěn)定。(3)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)總綠化三維量較大的小區(qū),降低空氣中的PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)濃度更明顯,但在小范圍區(qū)域內(nèi),空氣中的PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)與樣方內(nèi)的綠化三維量相關(guān)性不明顯,并發(fā)現(xiàn)不同綠地類型吸收PM_(2.5)能力不同,從強(qiáng)到弱分別是喬-灌-草灌-草草地,外界PM_(2.5)濃度越高,喬-灌-草型綠地的吸收效果越明顯,高大喬木受湍流作用和自身蒸騰作用影響,對PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)有較好的吸收效果。(4)在居住小區(qū)內(nèi)的主要綠化植被中,紫葉李、桂花、法國冬青等屬于滯塵效果較好的植物,柚子樹、杜英、香樟樹等屬于滯塵能力中等植物,而廣玉蘭、山茶和楊梅屬于滯塵能力相對較弱的植物。滯塵能力較好植物通常具有葉片堅(jiān)硬,葉表粗糙,多絨毛,葉傾角小等特點(diǎn),并發(fā)現(xiàn)植被滯塵量的強(qiáng)弱,不僅與葉傾角、葉表面粗糙程度等植物生長特性有關(guān),還與距離污染源遠(yuǎn)近,植被養(yǎng)護(hù)等外部環(huán)境因素有很大關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:With the development of city economy, the increase of the city population and the expansion of the scale, city environment is a huge threat and challenge. Rapid city makes the original natural underlying surface by some hard brick instead of the nature of the underlying surface change, exacerbated by climate change in the city, so that urban heat island effect, a series of frequent waterlogging in the city. The environmental problems such as haze pollution, not only hindered the economic development of the city, but also affect people's health and safety. Studies have shown that the increase of green area in residential area is an effective method to improve the city environment, green residential area in the fall of Wen Zengshi, carbon fixation and oxygen release, flood control and disaster reduction and dust decontamination etc. have important ecological functions of traditional. Study on green space index, the two-dimensional, in order to make 2D green index, appeared 3D green quantity index to three-dimensional vegetation quantity as the representative. Study on three-dimensional green quantity And more concentrated in the calculations, the existing research mainly in large scale city, for the small scale residential area. The research of plant geography, landscape ecology theory, combined with field survey, with three residential quarters in Nanchang Honggutan as the research object, the vegetation types, types of green space within the District, investigation the community structure and other indicators, according to the vegetation status in each district, select the 20m * 20m 10 plots, no green vegetation coverage comparison plots 1, from August 2016 to September 2016, December 2016 to January 2017, respectively, measured in the residential district were vegetation temperature, humidity, PM_ (2.5) concentration and amount of dust. And the three-dimensional vegetation quantity and vegetation humidity index for quantitative analysis, the analysis of residential green space in different vegetation collocation, the ecological effect of different forms of greening, green city district To find out the most suitable vegetation ecological construction, and provide theoretical basis for the future development of city green space. The results are as follows: (1) measurement of trees, shrub crown, crown width, crown shape by using the model in accordance with the formula, can quickly calculate the single tree, shrub three-dimensional vegetation quantity in the area of three. The sampling within the party the dominant tree layer, the total three-dimensional vegetation quantity, and shrub and herb proportion is very small, that three-dimensional vegetation quantity is mainly determined by the quadrat in tree layer. (2) study found that the degree of humidification and cooling, were significantly associated with three-dimensional vegetation quantity, nonlinear fitting using the Logistic curve, the correlation coefficient Adj.R2 were in 0.90, the fitting effect is good, and found that the plot of three-dimensional vegetation quantity critical value at 1000 m3 when the plant basically reached the cooling and humidifying effect, cooling and humidification rate tends to be stable. (3) found that the total large dimension vegetationquantity 鐨勫皬鍖，

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