本文關(guān)鍵詞：基于遙感技術(shù)的城市景觀動態(tài)分析與生態(tài)環(huán)境評價　出處：《西南交通大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 遙感技術(shù) 景觀格局 景觀動態(tài)分析 生態(tài)評價 指標體系

【摘要】：本文旨在研究成都市生態(tài)環(huán)境變化,著重于城市生態(tài)環(huán)境評價、土地利用／覆蓋變化和景觀格局分析。研究結(jié)果可為決策者提供科學依據(jù),做好針對城市發(fā)展和生態(tài)環(huán)境之間的整體統(tǒng)籌,保證可持續(xù)發(fā)展。本文結(jié)合遙感技術(shù),通過改進《生態(tài)環(huán)境狀況評價技術(shù)規(guī)范(試行)》(HJ/T192-2006)推薦的生態(tài)環(huán)境狀況評價指標,構(gòu)建基于遙感技術(shù)的城市生態(tài)環(huán)境狀況評價指標體系,并且評價成都市中心城區(qū)(第一繞城高速以內(nèi)區(qū)域)生態(tài)環(huán)境狀況。本文以成都市中心城區(qū)(第一繞城高速以內(nèi)區(qū)域)為例,采用監(jiān)督分類和目視解譯修正的分類方法分析了2000年、2004年、2008年和2012年4年的遙感數(shù)據(jù),先提取了土地利用覆蓋變化信息,并且分析不同時段土地利用覆蓋變化的特征,再選取了合理的景觀指數(shù),利用景觀指數(shù)定量分析了各時段土地利用／覆蓋格局的特征和景觀格局變化的特征,進一步探討了引起此變化的驅(qū)動力因素及生態(tài)意義。結(jié)果表明：(1)城市發(fā)展是研究區(qū)域內(nèi)土地利用／覆蓋變化的主要驅(qū)動力。城市用地面積從2000年的165.96km2增加到2012年的342.46m2,增加幅度為106.35%。2000年城市建設(shè)用地主要集中在三環(huán)內(nèi),2012年城市建設(shè)用地擴張到三環(huán)外、第一繞城內(nèi)區(qū)域。相對的,其他類型的區(qū)域均有減少,除未利用地外,減幅最大的為水域和耕地,減幅分別達到57.66%、52.59%,大量的水域和耕地變?yōu)榱顺鞘薪ㄔO(shè)用地。植被也在12年間減少了20.70%。(2)不同時期景觀結(jié)構(gòu)特征不同。2000年研究區(qū)域主要以農(nóng)業(yè)為主,其中耕地、水域和植被一共占到總面積的65.08%,城市用地占31.52%；耕地雖不是絕對主導,但是仍占有48.68%。2004年,城市用地面積占占44.16%,超過耕地成為優(yōu)勢土地類型。2004年研究區(qū)域城市用地開始向三環(huán)以外區(qū)域擴張。2008年,整個研究區(qū)域建設(shè)用地面積持續(xù)增加,成為主導用地類型,占到總面積的一半以上；耕地面積持續(xù)下降,減少幅度仍為10%左右；水域面積減少幅度變緩,而綠色植被有所增加。建設(shè)用地斑塊開始在三環(huán)外區(qū)域變得集中,植被分布更加離散,斑塊間距變大、連通性低,而城市用地斑塊面積明顯增大,且融合明顯。2012年研究區(qū)域的景觀格局完全由城市發(fā)展主導。(3)生態(tài)環(huán)境略微變差。在2000年到2012年內(nèi),成都市中心城區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境狀況為一般。2000年到2004年變化最大,主要是由于生物豐度指數(shù)和土壤退化指數(shù)的減少、人類對于環(huán)境擾動變大；但是在后8年由于城市規(guī)劃越來越合理,使得生物豐度指數(shù)降低程度減緩,雖然植被覆蓋及水體密度均有減少,但是在中心城區(qū)出現(xiàn)了植被覆蓋增加、土壤退化減緩的情況,使得在后8年內(nèi)生態(tài)環(huán)境無明顯變化。(4)合理的城市規(guī)劃是有效緩解生態(tài)環(huán)境變差的方法。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this paper is to study the ecological environment change in Chengdu, focusing on urban ecological environment evaluation, land use / cover change and landscape pattern analysis. The results can provide scientific basis for decision makers. Do a good job of urban development and ecological environment between the overall planning to ensure sustainable development. This paper combined with remote sensing technology. The evaluation index of ecological environment condition was recommended by improving the Technical Specification for Eco-environmental condition Assessment (trial) (HJ / T192-2006). The evaluation index system of urban ecological environment condition based on remote sensing technology is constructed. And to evaluate the ecological environment of the central city of Chengdu (within the first high speed around the city). This paper takes the central city of Chengdu (within the first high speed around the city) as an example. The remote sensing data of 2000, 2004, 2008 and 2008 were analyzed by the methods of supervised classification and visual interpretation and correction. Land use and cover change (LUCF) information was first extracted. And analyze the characteristics of land use and cover change in different periods, then select a reasonable landscape index, use landscape index to quantitatively analyze the characteristics of land use / cover pattern and landscape pattern change in different periods. The driving force and ecological significance of the change were further discussed. Urban development is the main driving force of land use / cover change in the study area. The urban land area increased from 165.96 km ~ 2 in 2000 to 342.46 km ~ 2 in 2012. The increase range is 106.35. the urban construction land is mainly concentrated in the third Ring Road in 2000. In 2012, the urban construction land expanded to outside the third Ring Road, the first round city area. Relative. Except unused land, the biggest decrease was in water area and cultivated land, which reached 57.66% and 52.59% respectively. A large amount of water and cultivated land has been converted into urban construction land. Vegetation has been reduced by 20.70 in 12 years. (2) the landscape structure characteristics of different periods are different. In 2000, the main research area was agriculture. The cultivated land, water area and vegetation occupied 65.08% of the total area, and the urban land occupied 31.52% of the total area. Although the cultivated land is not absolutely dominant, it still occupied 48.68% of the total land area in 2004, and the urban land area accounted for 44.16%. In 2004, the urban land began to expand to the region outside the third Ring Road. In 2008, the area of construction land in the whole research area continued to increase, becoming the dominant type of land use. More than half of the total area; The area of cultivated land continued to decrease, and the decrease was still about 10%; The area of water area decreased slowly, while the green vegetation increased. The patch of construction land began to become concentrated in the region outside the three rings, the vegetation distribution became more discrete, the patch spacing became larger, and the connectivity was low. In 2012, the landscape pattern of the study area was completely dominated by urban development. The ecological environment was slightly worse. It was from 2000 to 2012. From 2000 to 2004, the ecological environment in the central urban area of Chengdu changed the most, mainly because of the decrease of bioabundance index and soil degradation index, and the human disturbance to the environment became greater. However, due to more and more rational urban planning in the next 8 years, the decrease of biological abundance index slowed down. Although vegetation cover and water density have been reduced, vegetation cover has increased in the central urban area. In the following eight years, the reasonable urban planning is an effective way to alleviate the deterioration of the ecological environment.
【學位授予單位】：西南交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X826;X87;P901

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